Research Methodology, Research Paradigm, Methodological Approach (Research Paper Sample)

CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.
3.0 Introduction.
This chapter discussed how the researcher was to conduct the research work. It described the entire process used to obtain information as well as data collection methods and data analysis. This includes the research design, target population, data collection tools to be used, data analysis and presentation. On the other hand, this chapter also discussed on the limitation of the tools used to come up with valid and critical work.
3.1 Research Paradigm
These are theories used in research. They pinpoint on how this research was carried out and how it ought to be understood. In this case, the paradigm that was used is positivist. Aliyu et al (2014) suggests that positivism is identified as one of the fundamental research paradigms since 19th century. In positivism studies the researcher is independent from the study and there are no provisions for human interest. Crowther and Lancaster (2008) argue that as a general rule positivist studies usually adopt a deductive approach. Positivism relates to the viewpoint that the researcher needs to concentrate on facts. This help the research to be objective and devoid of use of the researcher. Thus means that their is minimal interaction with research participants. Studies using positivist paradigm are based purely on facts and consider the world to be external and objective. Quantitative data was used therefore using positive paradigm was prudent.
3.2 Methodological Approach
Quantitative research was used.Aliaga and Gunderson (2002) have described quantitative research as an inquiry into a social problem, explain phenomena by gathering numerical data that are analyzed through mathematical based methods. Bryman and Bell (2007),quantitative research methods is adopted because it allows the researcher to get the facts and not abstract about the aim of a dissertation. Quantitative research is usually given more respect and acceptance reflecting the tendency of General public to regard science as it uses scientific methods and implying precisions, Berg (2004).With questionnaires, quantitative method was the most appropriate as comparisons from the data was easily made. Qualitative research if used may generate a lot of data with different perceptions proofing hard to interpret and analyze data.
3.3 Data Collection.
This research adopted questionnaire as a method of data collection the researcher particularly majored on closed ended questionnaires. This help information to be easily coded and generate a limited set of responses. Closed ended questionnaires provide better insights, since questions are quantifiable and the statistical analysis is easier. Questions in closed ended questionnaires are clear and straight forward therefore the respondents answered even sensitive and personal questions. The questionnaire had 10 questions.
3.4 Sampling Methods.
According to summer and summer (1997),sampling refer to the selection of a subject of cases from same population of interest. Wimmer and Dominick (1989) on the other hand define a sample as a subject of the population that is taken to be representative of the entire population. This research narrowed down to random sampling. Random sampling works where distinct n units are selected from the N units in the population in such a way that every possible combination of n units is equally likely to be the sample selected. It meant that the sample selected were unbiased. In this research a population of 21 samples were randomly selected.
3.5 Data Analysis.
The returned and duly filled questionnaires were verified, coded and tallied and thereafter were quantitatively analyzed. The data was discussed in relation to the reviewed literature so as to discern its contribution and implication for practice and policy.
3.6 Reliability
As outlined in data collection the research adopted closed ended questionnaires, the questions were straight forward, this helped respondents not get confused and therefore answered questions best of their ability. Quantitative method of data collection also eliminates the biasness character that may arise as qualitative research. The researcher has minimal interaction with participants thus no manipulation. If the data cab be repeated with the same participants, the same results can be derived. Thomas (2013) argues that reliability is where research is repeatable and consistent with measurements.
3. 7 Validity
This is a major cornerstone in research. Validity is described as the degree to which a research study measures what it intends to measure. In order to measure appropriateness, meaningfulness and usefulness of research both internal and external validity had to used. Whereas internal validity checked on the measurement and test itself external validity looked at the ability to generalize the findings to target population. Validity therefore helped the resea...