Benchmark-Research Critique Part2: Qualitative Analysis of Bipolar Disorder (Research Paper Sample)

Benchmark-Research critique part2.
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Introduction.
Bipolar disorder is a critical disorder resulting to mortality and excess morbidity. Different physicians have conducted research on the disorder and have suggested that bipolar disorder is over diagnosis, under diagnosis and misdiagnosis and hence depending on the patient, he/she can achieve full diagnosis or not. For a patient to achieve full diagnosis then the physicians must be able to understand different factors such as family history, whether the patient is using substance, the limitation of applying DSM-IV and the moods and behavior of the patients so that he/she can keep this factors in control. (Kaplan et.al, 2015).
Protection of Human participants.
On the introduction phase I stated that Bipolar disorder patients have become open in that they are being interviewed in most multimedia sources and thereby making them easily available for the experimental purposes but the only problem is that the reaction of the patient to over diagnosis, under diagnosis and misdiagnosis. (Nucifora, 2015). Bipolar disorder patients react differently to different kinds of diagnosis that is there are some patients who achieve full criteria while others don’t achieve full criteria depending on a number of factors such as substance use, individual behavior towards the diagnosis and several other factors.
Protection of human participants implies that the patients can be either outpatient, dual diagnosis inpatients or child outpatients are protected from things that they can influence the diagnosis for example substance use such as alcohol, cocaine and marijuana among others, monitoring of the moods and behavior so that the patient under diagnosis can achieve 90% to 100% full diagnosis. (Ghouse et.al, 2015).The protection can be done by discouraging patients from taking substances also by monitoring their behavior and moods by use of "two-step diagnostic process" which involves investigating the mood disorder and screening of instrumentation used for diagnosis.
Similarly, protection of human participants involves getting the optimal diagnosis. Since over, under and misdiagnosis are proven to be unfavorable to the patients therefore getting optimal diagnosis is a goal for every experimenter and therefore tries to achieve it. Note that patients with optimal diagnosis achieve full rate diagnosis or close to 100%. Optimal diagnosis in patients involves be in control of every aspect that may influence diagnosis from the behavior and mood all the way to the mental illness associated with disability hence achievement of full diagnosis. (Diagneault et.al, 2015).
Data collection.
Seven hundred outpatients used mainly questionnaire to interview. The questionnaire had question such as whether they had been previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder by any health practitioner, family history, substance use, any disability which the patient might be suffering from. This question were used in analysis of over diagnosis of bipolar disorder and hence coming up with conclusion pertaining to the optimal diagnosis using the clinical DSM-IV test.
The data is found on the journal of Clinical psychiatry by Zimmerman, 2008. Or simply visit.
/publication/260311508_BipolarOverdiagnosis
Problem statement.
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental disease which causes disability, illness of the mental resulting to failure in mental conditions and premature death. The prevalence of bipolar disorder is seen to have increased from the 2% to 10% depending on the diagnostic adopted. Over diagnosis of Bipolar disease is due to lack of understanding of the proper medication associated with the disease. According to reports bipolar disorder patient are over diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) which ranges from 15% to 60%. (Kaplan et.al, 2015). The diagnostic of bipolar disease is sometimes misdiagnosed with approximately 60% of the bipolar patients suffering as a result of misdiagnosis.
In the modern set up, the bipolar patients are easily identified. Some of them are interviewed in live programs suggesting that different scholars have studied about the disease and thereby pointing out to that under diagnosis or over diagnosis of the disease would be allowed in some circumstances. (Nucifora, 2015). The potential effects of over diagnosis include; potential injuries and harm associated with inappropriate medication, Lack of necessity in labeling, misuse of health care facilities and it result in complications of body functions which is reported by 60% of the patient.
Data analysis and Management.
Out of the 700 patients administered 34% were referred to primary physicians, 15% referred to psychotherapist and 15% were referred to their family members after they were given new questionnaires to fill. Out of the 700 patients, the majority of them of about 60%were white, female married or never married and had an educational level above high school. The mean age of the sample of bipolar disorder patients was 40 years.
The patient were interviewed "using the modified version of SCID and the structured interview for DSM-IV personality disorder (SIDP-IV)”. The above methods were monitored through diagnostic rater. Majority of the patients about 88% interviewed by psychologist gave all the answers.
Out the 700 bipolar disorder patients 55% were reported to have suffered from mental illness that is depression, 26% suffered from social phobia, 22% suffered from panic disorder and 19% from stress disorder. 13% patients were diagnosed with bipolar disorder and out of this 90, 29% were diagnosed with bipolar I disorder and 46% with bipolar II disorder and the remaining25% were diagnosed with bipolar disorder.
The patients were categorized into three; 1).who were diagnosed with SCID whether or not they reported previous diagnosis of bipolar, 2). Patients who were diagnosed in different periods prior to the performance of the experiment were not diagnosed. 3). Patients with no signs of bipolar in either of the above methods. The report suggest that patients in group I had higher morbid risk than those in group II or III.
Discussion.