legal and ethical issues in nursing (Research Paper Sample)

Legal and Ethical Issues in Nursing Name Institution Class Date Legal and Ethical Issues in Nursing Describe why there is such a struggle when addressing end-of-life issues End-of-life treatment has many concerns that the parties involved struggle to address. Some of the challenges presented by end-of-life care include managing suffering and pain for the patients, clinicians, and the relatives of the patients. Besides, the treatment of a dying person should be respected in the framework of an individual's physical, mental, and social encounters. First, among the people who need end-of-life care are the older people predisposed to solitude, they are often underreported anguish, and they are also more drug-sensitive. Regrettably, clinicians responsible for caring for end-of-life patients at most have inadequate training to guide end-of-life verdicts and bring terrible news to the affected role and their families. The clinicians also need to face their discomfort with conversations on death and cope with inadequate compensation for the periods taken about end-of-life care with the affected role and their families (Anderson et al., 2019, p936). Also, with the distinctive method of every patient's mortality, algorithmic approaches are regularly insufficient to guide a patient or their relatives, plus the clinicians that take care of them in the difficult and psychologically tough process. It is also hard to address these issues because of the significant and overwhelming challenges a dying patient face. The challenges consist of hopelessness, loss of dignity, intense feelings, depression, physical pain, and mundane roles that require addressing at end-of-life. Considering the experience of the dying person's experience must therefore assist clinicians in enhancing care for the dying patients. Also, clinicians who manage end-of-life patients' care normally face challenges in offering optimum care. Amongst the challenges are insufficient planning for facilitating complex conversations and individual distress with death or dying. Such challenges should be considered besides the one's family and the patient face in developing enhancements in end-of-life care.   What are the differences between allowing a patient to die and physician-assisted suicide? Allowing a patient to die and having a physician assist a patient in committing suicide are two distinct aspects. Allowing a patient to die is a type of euthanasia classified as passive euthanasia. This is the wish of a terminally sick person who can no longer get help from the medication they are getting, to be granted a natural death, in dignity and peace, instead of being retained on life support machines. The critical difference between this type of euthanasia is that termination of life is not actively conducted; rather, it is only a refraining from extra medication that elongates patients' lives but does not enhance their quality of life or health situation. The main aim of this kind of euthanasia is not to unnaturally extend life through innovative technology when expertise cannot treat the patients or enhance their condition (Barsness et al., 2020, p2). Rather, the patient only gets treatments or drugs to alleviate discomfort or pain. Physician-assisted suicide happens when a clinician helps in facilitating the death of a patient by offering the essential information or means to allow a patient to conduct the life-ending deed. For example, the clinician offers sleeping pills plus the information on the fatal dose, as they are conscious that a patient can commit suicide. Although the deed is understandable, it is tragic that other patients in intense duress-like the patients with terminal, agonizing, incapacitating ailment-can choose death over life(Barsness et al., 2020, p2). Nonetheless, allowing clinicians to participate in assisted suicide can produce more damage than good. Physician-assisted suicide is contradictory to a clinician's responsibility as a healer; it would be impossible or hard to manage and can pose significant risks to society. Discuss the controversy that can occur when considering a patient's right to know whether a caregiver has AIDS and the caregiver's right to privacy and confidentiality. Healthcare presents a wide element of lawful conversations regarding confidentiality and privacy of discussions between patients and doctors. Regular conversations are constantly based on the confidentiality of the patient and reversing the circumstances to the caregiver is at times complicated (Salihu et al., 2018, p603). While contemplating the right of the patient to be aware of their caregiver's HIV/AIDS status, full disclosure might be advisable. Sadly, full disclosure can expose biases; nonetheless, that is ethically and morally the correct step to take. HIV/AIDS is significant, and there is a requirement for any health care sector to locate how to determine the status of their caregivers before an intimate interaction with a patient, for example, a surgery. Caregivers and patients require protection as it is also vital to keep their patient's HIV status private. Individuals infected by HIV/AIDS have a right to privacy and confidentiality so that social stigma does not take root. Caregivers are needed by the law to maintain such information privacy and assist patients in following a treatment plan (Salihu et al., 2018, p604). Diagnosing the caregivers with HIV/AIDS unfolds the return of basic rights they should enjoy as other people. Like other patients served by healthcare workers, it should not be mandatory for caregivers to disclose information about their health. Caregivers must be offered similar confidentiality rights as other patients. Describe the distinctions among wrongful birth, wrongful life, and wrongful conception. Discuss the moral dilemmas of these concepts Wrongful birth is when a child is delivered with some abnormalities or defects, and the guardians or parents are informed of the matter, and they choose to bring to birth the child. Wrongful life is when a child is born with a disability, and the legitimate guardian or parents are subjected to responsibility (Krekora-Zając, 2020, p2). Wrongful conception is delivering a healthy child in an unexpected pregnancy and may be legally claimed by the parents. The moral predicament of the concepts is what would be the future of babies born via the constructs, either by negligence or for financial sake-this may cause countless birth flaws baby if a parent or parents are offered grants by law with no substantial reason-this might make a path for other guardians or parents to do that to benefit. Discuss the arguments for and against partial-birth abortions Partial-birth abortion delivers a fetus while it can survive or end the fetus in its second or third trimester. People in different nations have developed different arguments regarding the matter as other people support the idea while others discourage it. Those who argue for partial-birth abortions give reasons such as fetus abnormalities and health threats to the mother. On fetal abnormalities, people seek partial-birth abortions because of genetic anomalies that may be identified in advance, thanks to the advances in the medical field. For example, structural fetal abnormalities are detected later in pregnancy, after or around 20 weeks. A good proportion of these anomalies are lethal, implying that the fetus can die while being delivered or shortly afterward. Many people desire to abort the pregnancy instead of staying pregnant only for the child to die. Another argument for partial-birth abortion is in the instance when an expectant woman's wellbeing is at danger. Some life-threatening conditions can develop in the late stages of pregnancy. Other conditions include early acute preeclampsia and chorioamnionitis (regularly combined with an untimely amniotic sac rapture. If these illnesses occur before the fetus is feasible, the mother can terminate the pregnancy to maintain their health. If the circumstances occur after the fetus is deemed feasible, the right for the mothers to secure an abortion should still be secured in instances of life or health endangerment. The arguments against partial-birth abortions invent the term to define an unusual deviation whereby a fetus is instantly eliminated. President George W.Bush, in 2003, signed a law to ban Partial Birth Abortion(Jogee, 2018, p96). Under the law, the procedure was described as inhumane, gruesome, and not medically essential. Most anti-abortion advocates deem the procedure equal to murder or infanticide. Also, the testimony regarding partial-birth abortion concerning the precise clinical description of what occurs during the procedure promotes the argument against the deed. The argument against partial-birth abortion is that the procedure is intended for an abortionist to murder an infant that has been partially delivered from its mother's womb. The is no anesthesia that prevents the fetus from feeling pain to its demise. The mentioned explanation of the partial-...