Review of the Literature: Healthcare Industry (Research Paper Sample)

Instructions:

Details:
Write a paper (1,500-2,000 words) in which you analyze and appraise each of the (15) articles identified in Topic 1. Pay particular attention to evidence that supports the problem, issue, or deficit, and your proposed solution.
Hint: The Topic 2 readings provide appraisal questions that will assist you to efficiently and effectively analyze each article.
Refer to "Sample Format for Review of Literature," "RefWorks," and "Topic 2: Checklist."
Prepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
3 NRS 441v.11R.Module 2_Checklist.doc
Below is the 15 articles:
(1)
The article by Manca, Bassler, Kandola, Aguilar, Scherer, (2014) Implementing and Evaluating a Program to Facilitate Chronic Disease Prevention and Screening in Primary, describes the planned implementation and evaluation of the Building on Existing Tools to Improve Chronic Disease Prevention and Screening in Primary Care (BETTER 2) program which originated from the BETTER trial. The pragmatic trial, informed by the Chronic Care Model, demonstrated the effectiveness of an approach to Chronic Disease Prevention and Screening (CDPS) involving the use of a new role, the prevention practitioner. The desired goals of the program are improved clinical outcomes, reduction in the burden of chronic disease, and improved sustainability of the health-care system. The target ages were adults 40-65, using a composite index to quantitatively assess the effectiveness of the prevention practitioner intervention. The CDPS action involving composite index include treatment measures and target range /change outcome measures related to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer and other chronic diseases. No morbidity, mortality or incidence rates were mentioned in the study.
(2)
Oni, Mcgrath, BeLue, Roderick (2014) Chronic diseases and multi-morbidity-A Conceptual Modification to the WHO ICCC model for countries in Health Transition. Using South Africa as a case study for a country in transition, the author identifies gaps in the ICCC framework at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels. Applications of the lens of CNCICD were done and propose modification of the ICCC and the South African Integrated Chronic Disease Management plan. The framework incorporated the increased complexity of treating CNCICD patients, and highlights the importance of biomedicine (biological interaction). The study concludes that healthcare systems must work together to make sense of the complex collision between biological phenomena, clinical interpretation, beliefs and behaviors of the population. In South Africa morbidity and mortality from circulatory, neoplasm and metabolic diseases increase, while 50% of the causes of morbidity are NCD (non-communicable disease).
(3)
American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (2011) Role of the Pharmacist in Perinatal Management of HIV Disease.The article also takes a Multidisciplinary approach in health care as it urges Pharmacists to work with other healthcare providers to improve Perinatal management of HIV disease. Prevention methods that include the use of combination ART during pregnancy have helped achieve major decreases in vertical HIV transmission with reported transmission rates of less that 2% using optimal ART and other interventions versus 25%, using no ART.
(4)
Cramm J.(2014) Long-term benefits of disease management programs based on the Chronic Care Model in the Netherlands. This study sought to determine the long-term effects of disease management programs based on the chronic care model on (i) quality of chronic care delivery, (ii) health behaviors (smoking and physical exercise) and (iii) physical quality of life among chronically ill patients. This was done by surveying professionals and patients in 22 disease management programs targeting patients with cardiovascular diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, stroke etc.
(5)
Radebe M.(2009) The Role of A Multidisciplinary Team meeting in an Antiretroviral Treatment Program. The study uses a multidisciplinary team at the wellness clinic, Potchefstroom hospital to partake in regular meetings. The meetings concentrated on patients who had experienced problems on treatment. The aim was to understand and overcome barriers to adherence and any other patient related issues at the clinic Minutes were audited in order to acquire an understanding of the difficulties faced by patients and to investigate outcomes of corrective interventions. 36% of patients had stabilized with improved or undetectable viral loads. Many factors played an important role in poor adherence, but alcohol and work related issues were the major problems.
(6)
Swendeman, Ingram, Rotheram(2009) Common Elements in Self-management of HIV and other Chronic Illnesses: An Integrative Framework. This article reviews literature on chronic disease self-management to identify factors common across chronic diseases, highlight HIV-specific challenges, and review recent developments in Self-Management Interventions for people living with HIV (PLH) and other chronic diseases. An integrated framework of common elements or tasks in chronic disease self-management is presented that outlined 14 elements in three broad categories: physical health; psychological functioning; and social relationships. In the U.S. mortality rates for HIV have decreased by 70% since 1996 and AIDs has fallen from 1st to 5th leading cause of death for people 25-45.
(7)
Chronic disease results in almost 60% of all deaths and 43% of the global burden of disease, therefore Self-management support is crucial since patients are perceived ultimately to be responsible for their daily care. The article, Supporting patients to Self-manage Chronic Disease, by Rebecca, Alison, Paul, Peter, David, studies clinicians' perspectives of the scope of self-management of Chronic Diseases, which self-management support initiatives are used, and the factors clinicians consider when deciding which initiative to use with individual patients. Three phases of data collection were used: First, clinicians were interviewed about their attitudes toward self-management. Second, clinicians and managers completed a survey about the support initiatives they use. Finally they were interviewed describing the applications of initiatives. Data were descriptively and thematically analyzed.
(8)
Despite the importance of pain management in chronic HIV, the prevalence of pain and adequacy of pain management in general, is unknown in HIV+ adults. The article written by Robbins, Chaiklang, & Supparatpinyo.(2013)Under Treatment of Pain in HIV Adults in Thailand, uses a cross-sectional study, done in Thailand to determine the prevalence of chronic pain, the burden of inadequate analgesia, and risk factors for chronic pain in HIV+ adults in Thailand. A total of 254 HIV+ adults were recruited from an outpatient clinic in Thailand. Interviewers obtained information on demographics, clinical data, and pain characteristics resulting in frequent pain reported by 27% of participants; while 22% of those reported chronic pain.
(9)
Sejari, Kamaruddin, & Ming.(2014) The Effectiveness of Traditional Malay Massage. This study reviews the available evidence on the effectiveness of Traditional Malay Massage (TMM) as an alternative therapeutic approach to various conditions. Documents including case studies, case reports, and research studies were examined and analyzed. Two case studies and one qualitative research study about TMM for chronic diseases were explored. TMM implementation showed positive, beneficial effects to improve and optimize mobility, physical function, activity, daily living and quality of life related to chronic diseases, postpartum stroke and post-stroke conditions. Of the chronic conditions, Osteo-related disease were the highest patient percentage (71.3%) who seek TMM, followed by back pain (70%) and other medical conditions (10%).
(10)
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, despite being one of the most common causes of hospital admission, COPD has been a neglected respiratory condition. This article titled Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Diagnosis and Management Nursing Standard (Kaufman, 2013) discusses assessment, diagnosis and various chronic management of COPD. Nurses working in all care settings, along with other healthcare workers can make an important contribution to the care of patients with COPD.
(11)
Zhang, Wang, Li, Cai, Wang, Wang (2013) Development and Validation of a COPD Self-Management Scale. The article evaluated the status of the self-management of patients with COPD using a 51-item COPD Self-Management Scale (CSMS), including 5 domains (symptom management, daily life management, emotion management, information management, and self-efficacy), developed and validated, using data from 413 COPD subjects. A population based cross sectional survey was done between 2002-2004, showing the overall prevalence of COPD in people above 40, which was 8.2% (resulting in 43 million people nationwide)
(12)
Jones P. (2011) Approaches to Chronic Disease management for Asthma and COPD. This review compares the methods of assessment and treatment objectives used for asthma and COPD. Level of asthma control in parts of Asia is very poor. Over 20% of adults and over 30% of children reported 2 or more severe episodes per year, while 50% reported sleep disturbance over twice a week. According to the article, Treatment in both conditions now has two objectives: (1) To reduce symptoms to achieve control (in asthma) and improved health status (in COPD); (2) Preventative therapy to reduce the risk of exacerbations. In asthma, exacerbations are associated with a risk of hospital admissions and death and in COPD the same risks apply.
(13)
Bentsen, Langeland, Holm. (2012) Evaluation of Self-Management Interventions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. The study aims to evaluate the benefits of self-management interventions on the quality of life of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Background COPD is among the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and estimated to become the 3rd leading cause of death by 2030. In this review, the authors examined four randomized controlled trials undertaken between 2000 and 2011 to evaluate the benefits of COPD self-management interventions on patient quality of life.
(14)
Graffigna, Barello, Libreri, Bosio.(2014) How to Engage type-2 diabetic patients in their own health management. This article explores (1) the reasons for disengagement of diabetic patients and their unique subjective attitudes from their experience and (2) the elements that may hinder Patient Engagement in health management. The findings suggest that patients give meaning to their diabetes and its management through a complex frame of subjective experiential dimensions (cognitive/thinking, behavioral/conative and emotional/feeling), which have an impact on the spheres of daily life that are considered to be crucial in the Chronic management of diabetes (diet, physical activity, therapy, doctor-patient relationship) The article also reports Diabetes affecting 347 million people worldwide. 90% of these have adult onset diabetes, while the number is likely double by the year 2030.
(15)
Wallace, Pitts, Ward, McNally. (2013)Management of Chronic Hepatitis B in the Torres Strait Islands. The authors assess how health service providers in the Torres Strait Island region of northern Australia, respond to Chronic hepatitis B, and identify priorities for the effective clinical management of the infection. Semi-structured qualitative interviews with 61 health service providers were conducted in 2011 to explore issues which include competing and more urgent health priorities, the silent nature of chronic hepatitis B infection at an individual and systems level, inadequate resources and the transient health workforce. Critical elements of the response include the increase in Multidisciplinary Healthcare approach, the development of clinical guidelines and workforce development. In terms of Rate of Incidence, while there is a greater risk of exposure to hepatitis B among IV drug users and un-safe sex practices, only a minority (5%) develop a chronic infection. It has been estimated that 1% of the Australian population is infected with chronic hepatitis B, with a projected increase in the number of people living with the infection over the next decade.
References
American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (2011) Role of the Pharmacist in Perinatal Management of HIV Disease. Vol. 68 Issue 22, p2116-2120.
Bentsen S, Langeland E, Holm A. (2012) Evaluation of self-management interventions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Nursing Management , Vol 20 (6): p 802-13.
Cramm J.(2014) Long-term benefits of disease management programs based on the Chronic Care Model in the Netherlands. Vol.14, p66-67.
Graffigna G, Barello S, Libreri C, Bosio C.(2014) How to Engage type-2 diabetic patients in their own health management. BMC Public Health. Vol. 14 Issue 1, p1698-1721
Jones P.(2011) Approaches to Chronic disease management for Asthma and COPD. Vol 23 (3): p 223-9.
Kaufman G. (2013) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Diagnosis and Management Nursing Standard. Vol 27 (21): p 53-62.
Manca D, Bassler K, Kandola K, Aguilar C, Scherer D, (2014) Implementing and Evaluating a Program to Facilitate Chronic Disease Prevention and Screening in Primary Care. Vol. 9, Issue 1.
Oni T, Mcgrath N, BeLue R, Roderick P.(2014) Chronic diseases and multi-morbidity-A Conceptual Modification to the WHO ICCC model for countries in Health Transition. BMC Public Health.Vol.14, Issue 1, p243-255.
Radebe M.(2009) The Role of A Multidisciplinary team meeting in an Antiretroviral Treatment Programme. Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine, Vol.10 (2) p50.
Rebecca P, Alison S, Paul D, Peter N, David G. (2014) Supporting patients to Self-manage chronic disease: Clinicians' Perspectives and current Practices. Australian Journal of Primary Health,Vol. 20, Issue 3.
Robbins N, Chaiklang K, Supparatpinyo K. (2013) Under Treatment of Pain in HIV Adults in Thailand. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management.Vol. 45 Issue 6, p1061-1072.
Sejari N, Kamaruddin K, and Ming L.(2014) The Effectiveness of Traditional Malay Massage. Vol 5, Issue 4. Pg 144-148.
Swendeman D, Ingram BL, Rotheram MJ. (2009) Common Elements in Self-management of HIV and other Chronic Illnesses: An Integrative Framework. AIDS Care, Vol 21 (10): p 1321-34.
Wallace J, Pitts M, Ward J, McNally S. (2013)Management of Chronic Hepatitis B in the Torres Strait Islands, Australian Journal of Primary Health. 2014, Vol. 20 Issue 3, p273-277.
Zhang, Wang, Li, Cai, Wang, Wang (2013) Development and Validation of a COPD Self-Management Scale. Vol. 58 (11), p1931-6.
BELOW is the Checklist to guide you. Thanks.
Topic 2: Checklist
Review of Literature and Incorporating Theory
Instructions:
This checklist is designed to help students organize the weekly exercises/assignments to be completed as preparation for the final capstone project proposal. This checklist will also serve as a communication tool between students and faculty. Comments, feedback, and grading for modules 1-4 will be documented using this checklist.
Topic Task Completed Comments / Feedback Points
Review of Literature
• Analyze and appraise each of the 15 articles identified in module 1. (15 articles). _____ / 90
• Analysis organized using the sample provided in “Sample Format for Review of Literature.”
_____ / 10
Total _____/100
Incorporating Theory • Identified a theory that can be used to support proposed solution. _____ / 10
• Main components of theory described. _____ / 10
• Rationale for selecting theory provided. _____ / 10
• Discussed how theory works to support proposed solution.
_____ / 5
• Explained how theory will be incorporated into project. _____ / 5
Total _____/40
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Content:

Review of the Literature
Name:
Subject:
Date of Submission:
The subject of managing chronic diseases is attracting a lot of attention from scholars and practitioners in the healthcare industry. As evidence, authors such as Manca et al., (2014) and Oni et al., (2014) made publications on the subject in question. Further, Philips et al., (2012) cites that chronic diseases result in approximately 43 percent of global burden diseases and 60 percent of all deaths. What is the meaning of a chronic disease? A chronic disease could be elucidated as an illness that persists for long. Examples of chronic diseases include arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. It is crucial to highlight that practitioners must establish effective tools for managing such diseases because chronic diseases persist longer than normal. Consequently, several scholars conducted studies to establish effective methods for managing chronic diseases. These studies led to the emergence of tools such as the Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions, team meetings, and self-management interventions, which can help in managing chronic diseases. This paper reviews pertinent literature on management of chronic diseases.
According to Graffigna et al., (2012), engaging patients is rapidly becoming useful in improving the health behaviors of patients with chronic diseases. Thus, the author conducted a qualitative study with the aim of furthering the subjective effect of uncontrolled patients with type-2 diabetes. The researcher also intended to establish the elements that can impede the development of patient involvement in their care process. Graffigna et al., (2012) was able to recruit 29 type-2 diabetic patients using the snowball sampling strategy. As a result, the data collected from the study participants was analyzed using the N-Vivo software for data analysis. It is notable that the researcher studied the participants with different phases of the disease. The study revealed that that the behavioral component affects the lifestyles of patients suffering from typ-2 diabetes. As a result, the researchers suggested that scholars and practitioners must develop tools for assessing patient engagement based on individual patient experience.
Bentsen et al., (2012) also conducted a study on the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is crucial to note that the objective for the study was to examine the benefits of self-management involvement on the lives of patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. As a result, the author surveyed relevant literature on the subject in order to gain the desired concepts on the subject. Additionally, the Bentsen et al., (2012) used a randomized control trial with 529 participants to eliminate bias from the study. It is crucial to note that the study participants received standard care varying from followup by home care nurses, family physicians, and chest pain physician. The results indicated the evidence was insufficient to make recommendations of effects of self-management on COPD. However, there was a tendency for improved physical condition, less burden, and increased social activity in patients among patients that participated in self-management intervention.
Manca et al., (2014) also examined the topic under discussion because they conducted a research with an objective of describing the planned evaluation and implementation of the “Building on Existing Tools to Improve Chronic Disease Prevention and Screening in Primary Care (BETTER 2) program, which originated from the BETTER trial” (Kandola et al., 2014). Simply put, the authors conducted a descriptive study to help scholars and practitioners understand how the BETTER 2 program operates. The aim of the program was to expand the intervention of the previous BETTER program across Canada. It is notable that the authors describe a unique approach used by the BETTER 2 program to address chronic diseases screening and prevention in primary care. They also highlight the evaluation metrics and frameworks used to measure the program. In short, the results of the study indicate that the program is designed to explain the issues affecting implementation of an efficient approach to chronic disease prevention and screening.
According to Oni et al., (2014), the load of non-communicable diseases is rising in middle and low-income countries. As a result, the author used South Africa as a case study to examine the WHO Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions (ICCC) model for countries undergoing epidemiological transitions. It is crucial to note that the ICCC Framework offers a health systems manual for meeting the increasing demands for chronic disease care. Oni et al., (2014) identified loopholes in the ICCC framework at micro-, macro-, meso-levels, which helped them to complete the study effectively. The authors also applied the lens of comorbid non-communicable and infectious chronic diseases (CNCICD) and proposed an alteration of the Assimilated Chronic Disease Management plan in South Africa and the ICCC. The study established that 50% of the causes of morbidity are in South Africa are non-communicable diseases. As a result, the authors concluded that healthcare systems should work together to simplify the collision between clinical interpretation, biological phenomena, beliefs and interpretations of the South African population.
Philips et al., (2012) also conducted a study on supporting patients to self-manage chronic diseases. The study investigated clinician opinions on the scope of self-management, types of self-management initiatives used, and the factors considered by clinicians when choosing the type of initiatives. As a result, Philips et al., (2012) conducted a quantitative study because they collected numerical data from clinicians. It is notable that the data collected includes clinician attitudes, types of support initiatives used, and application of the used initiatives. The collected data was analyzed using emergent coding and thematic analysis. The results of the study indicate that supporting self-management required a holistic approach in addition to the fact that some patients lack the capacity to self-manage. Philips et al., (2012) also reported that clinicians apply 54 different initiatives implying they should know the best initiatives for different scenarios. The authors also highlighted the challenges faced by clinicians in managing self-intervention programs among patients with chronic diseases. It follows that there is a need to develop appropriate guidelines for deciding the most appropriate initiative for self-management of chronic diseases.
According to Robbins et al., (2013), chronic pain is a problem to adult patients suffering from HIV despite the wide use of antiretroviral. Consequently, the authors conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the burden of inappropriate analgesia, risk factors for chronic pain, and the prevalence of chronic pain in patients suffering from HIV. It is notable that Robbins et al., (2013) collected data from 254 participants and grouped the study participants based on demographic, pain, and clinical characteristics and used statistical such as regression analysis to analyze the data. The study participants were also categorized based on demographic characteristics, pain characteristics, and clinical data. The results established that 27% of the participants reported frequent pain while 22% reported chronic pain (Robbins et al., 2013). Pain was also significantly associated with a positive depression screen, the time on combined antiretroviral therapy, and the level of education. As a result, the authors suggested that policy makers should address the problem of chronic pain in patients with HIV.
Swendeman et al., (2009) highlight that even though HIV meets the definition of chronic illness; it is always excluded from the list of chronic diseases. This despises the fact that, like other chronic illness, HIV requires psychological functioning, lifetime transformations in physical health, adoption of disease specific-regimens, and social relations. As a result, Swendeman et al., (2009) conducted a literature review to highlight HIV-specific challenges, identify common factors in chronic diseases, and review topical advancements for individuals living with HIV and other chronic diseases. It is notable that Swendeman et al., (2009) revealed that practitioners should improve on self-management practices in patients with chronic diseases. Additionally, the researchers also established that stigma is a barrier to effective self-management not only to HIV, but to also other chronic diseases. Ultimately, the results of the study revealed that self-management among patients with HIV is similar to self-management in patients with other chronic illness. As a result, Swendeman et al., (2009) suggested that the delivery and design of HIV support services could be incorporated into integrated or combined prevention and wellness services.
According to Deventer and Radebe (2009), adequate research has been conducted on the significance of adherence in the supervision of patients on antiretroviral therapy. However, patien...

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Review of the Literature: Healthcare Industry (Research Paper Sample)

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