Heredity (Research Paper Sample)

Heredity
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Purpose
This paper is focused on studying the pattern of heredity, and how traits are passed from parents to offspring's.
Introduction
Heredity refers to the study of traits that are acquired by birth. Traits are transmitted from parents to offspring via genes. Gene refers to the fundamental functional hereditary unit in organisms. A genotype refers to a particular genetic makeup of an individual organism. Genes occur in numerous variation referred to as alleles. A phenotype refers to the physical characteristics of an organism which are expressed by genes and are affected by environmental influence. Genotypes can either be homozygous or heterozygous. Homozygous refers to the existence of two identical alleles while heterozygous refers to the existence of two different alleles. Alleles can either be dominant or recessive. A dominant allele expresses itself whether it is present in the homozygous or heterozygous state. A recessive allele shows its effect on the phenotype only in the homozygous state. The study of heredity involves breeding living organism of different characteristic and then analyzing the outcome by observing the traits of the offspring (Solomon, Berg & Martin, 2005).
Hypothesis
Offspring are supposed to inherit traits from their parents.
Methodology
The method applied in this study was cross breeding different varieties of pea seeds and observing the progeny of the breeding. Peas with yellow seeds were crossed with seeds with green seeds. The progeny of this cross were further crossed to obtain the progeny of the second generation. The results were analyzed to determine the type of alleles that were responsible for the outcome of the progenies.
Results
The first generations seeds obtained when the parent peas were crossed were all green. The cross of the first generation produced the second generation individuals which constituted of three green seeds and one yellow seeds, that is, green to yellow is in the ratio of 3:1.
G: The dominant gene responsible for the green seeds
g: Recessive gene responsible for yellow seeds
Punnett Square

First parent cross

 

First generation cross


G

G

 

G

G

g

Gg

Gg

G

GG

Gg

g

Gg

G...