Applied Research and Evaluation (Term Paper Sample)
Prepare a 8-10 page double-spaced paper in APA format. The paper should have “1” margins all around, 12 point font, Times New Roman, pages numbered in upper right corner, running head and proper citations within the body of paper in APA format. The paper should include a cover page, abstract page and a reference page in APA format which should not be included with the page count. This is a master’s level Public Administration course. The title of the course is Applied Research & Evaluation. Please write this paper as if it is your own assignment. The paper has to be scholarly written. Please do not use an existing paper. This assignment will be submitted to turnitin. Please do not use information from another paper. Turnitin detected that my last paper was the exact paper from another student. Please use peer-reviewed references no older than 5 years old. The paper is due by August 14, 2013. Please if possible try to have it ready before the due date in case a revision is needed. The title of the textbook is O'Sullivan, E., Rassel, G. R., & Berner, M. (2008). Research Methods for Public Administrators (5th ed.). New York: Pearson/Longham. Course Media: (Laureate-produced media and other selected media elements are streamed in the classroom via the media player): Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2009). Applied Research and Evaluation Methods. Baltimore: Author. Journal Articles The articles listed below are available online through the Walden Library databases, unless they are denoted with an asterisk (*), in which case they each may be downloaded from the appropriate weekly Resource page. Directions for locating database articles are in the Course Info area as well as the Week 1 Resources page. If you have difficulty locating the articles, please contact your Instructor or the Walden Library helpdesk for assistance. Gill, J., & Meier, K. J. (2000). Public administration and practice: A methodological manifesto. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. 10(1), 157-199. Use the Business Source Premier database, and search using the article's title. *SPSS. (1998). The future of program evaluation in an era of government reinvention. SPSSWhite Paper, 1-8. Used with the permission of SPSS Inc. Web Sites American Society for Public Administration (ASPA). (2006). ASPA's code of ethics. Retrieved from http://www.aspanet.org/public/ASPA/Resources/Code_of_Ethics/ASPA/Resources/Code%20of%20Ethics1.aspx?hkey=acd40318-a945-4ffc-ba7b-18e037b1a858 Garson, G. D. (2009, April 4). Logistic Regression. Retrieved from http://faculty.chass.ncsu.edu/garson/PA765/logistic.htm Hill, J. (n.d.) Introduction to descriptive statistics. Retrieved June 16, 2009 from University of Illinois, Mathematics, Science and Technology Education Web site: http://mste.illinois.edu/hill/dstat/dstat.html Litman, T. (2008). Evaluating research quality: Guidelines for scholarship. Retrieved from http://www.vtpi.org/resqual.pdf Palmquist, R. A. (2001). Developing research questions. Retrieved from http://www.gslis.utexas.edu/~palmquis/courses/3971_ppt/research_questions.html StatPac. (2009). Qualities of a good question. Retrieved from http://www.statpac.com/surveys/question-qualities.htm Surveyspro. (2009). Reporting survey results. Retrieved from http://www.esurveyspro.com/article-reporting-survey-results.aspx Trochim, W. M. K. (2006 October 20). Inferential statistics. Retrieved from http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/statinf.php Note: First six paragraphs only. For your Final Project, you will develop a research design that could be used to evaluate a program. The research design will address a topic of importance to your organization or an organization with which you are familiar. The organization should be within the public or nonprofit sector. The purpose of the Final Project is to apply what you learn about research and research design methods to the evaluation of a program in the organization. This is merely a research design. You are not required to collect data and implement the research to evaluate the program. Your Final Project will be submitted in the form of a 8-10 page (not including the title, executive summary or reference pages), double-spaced, APA-formatted paper. You must complete the following elements: Create and include a title page with your name, the course name, and the title of the research project. Write an Executive Summary that briefly describes the highlights of the research design and the program it is intended to evaluate. Briefly describe the organization and include a brief history of the organization as well as information about the purpose of the organization. Describe the program to be evaluated, include information regarding the purpose of the program, and explain why conducting this research to evaluate the program is important to this organization. Describe the research question(s) and hypothesis(es). Clearly articulate them so that you would be able to answer the research questions using the design you develop. Explain the research design (i.e., descriptive, associational, causal) that is most appropriate to evaluate the program. Justify the use of the research design and explain how it can answer the research question(s). Explain the sampling technique and justify how this technique will help to answer the research question. Explain potential ethical issues for this research design. Analyze the implications of the ethical issues and explain how you would respond to them. Explain the findings you would anticipate if you conducted the research and implemented the research design to evaluate the program. Assure that your explanation is appropriate for your intended audience. Your Final Project must demonstrate both breadth and depth of knowledge and critical thinking appropriate to graduate-level scholarship. It must follow APA Publication Manual guidelines and be free of typographical, spelling, and grammatical errors. The project should be 8-10 pages in length (double-spaced), not including the title page, the Executive Summary, and references. Be sure to support your Final Project with specific references to all resources used in its preparation. The Final Project will be evaluated according to all four indicators in the Application Assignment and Final Project Writing Rubric located in Course Info. Information on scholarly writing may be found in the APA Publication Manual and at The Walden Writing Center Web site. Also see the "Academic Honesty Policy: See Walden University's "Code of Conduct and Academic Integrity" in the Guidelines and Policies area." Application Assignment and Final Project Writing Rubric This rubric will be used to evaluate submitted written work in this course (Application Assignments). There are four primary quality indicators. All written assignments will be scored on the first three indicators (Responsiveness, Content, and Quality). The final indicator (Research, Scholarship, and Professional Style) applies to the Final Project only. Scoring Instructions All Application Assignments, except for the Final Project, may earn a maximum of 12 points. It will be scored on the first three quality indicators (Responsiveness, Content, and Quality); the total possible score will be 12 points (4 points for each indicator). The Final Project may earn a maximum of 20 points. It will be scored on all four quality indicators. The score on the final indicator (Research, Scholarship, and Professional Style) will be weighted more heavily, and worth double. That is, the maximum score for a Final Project would be 12 points for the first three indicators plus 8 points for the final indicator to yield the maximum score of 20 points. 4 (Exemplary) 3 (Meets the Standard) 2 (Progressing) 1 (Emerging) RESPONSIVENESS TO A PAPER OR WRITING ASSIGNMENT (AS ASSIGNED OR AS SELECTED BY THE STUDENT IF INSTRUCTIONS ALLOW) (Did the student respond adequately to the paper or writing assignment?) 4 Paper or writing assignment is responsive to and exceeds the requirements given in the instructions. It: Responds to assigned or selected topic; Goes beyond what is required in some meaningful way (e.g., ideas contribute a new dimension to what we know about the topic, unearths something unanticipated, etc.); Is substantive and evidence based; Demonstrates that the student has read, viewed, and considered the Learning Resources in the course and that the paper topic connects in a meaningful way to the course content; Is submitted by the due date. 3 Paper or writing assignment is responsive to and meets the requirements given in the instructions. It: Responds to the assigned or selected topic; Is substantive and evidence based; Demonstrates that the student has read, viewed, and considered the Learning Resources in the course and that the paper topic connects in a meaningful way to the course content; Is submitted by the due date. 2 Paper or writing assignment is somewhat responsive to the requirements given in the instructions. Content: Somewhat misses the point of the assigned or selected topic; and/or Lacks in substance, relying more on anecdotal than scholarly evidence; and/or Contains little evidence that the student has read, viewed, and considered the Learning Resources in the course and that the paper topic connects in a meaningful way to the course content; and/or Is submitted by the due date. 1 Paper or writing assignment is unresponsive to the requirements given in the instructions. Content: Misses the point of the assigned or selected topic; and/or Relies primarily on anecdotal evidence; and/or Contains little evidence that the student has read, viewed, and considered the Learning Resources in the course and that the paper topic connects in a meaningful way to the course content; and/or Is submitted past the late deadline. CONTENT KNOWLEDGE ( Does the content in the paper or writing assignment demonstrate an understanding of the important knowledge the paper/assignment is intended to demonstrate?) 4 Paper or writing assignment demonstrates/provides: In-depth understanding and application of concepts and issues presented in the course (e.g., insightful interpretations or analyses; accurate and perceptive parallels, ideas, opinions, and conclusions) showing that the student has absorbed the general principles and ideas presented and makes inferences about the concepts/issues or connects them to other ideas; Rich and relevant examples; Thought-provoking ideas and interpretations, original thinking, new perspectives; Original and critical thinking; and Mastery and thoughtful/accurate application of knowledge and skills or strategies presented in the course. 3 Paper or writing assignment demonstrates/provides: Understanding and application of the concepts and issues presented in the course, demonstrating that the student has absorbed the general principles and ideas presented; Relevant examples; Thought-provoking ideas and interpretations, some original thinking; and Critical thinking; and Mastery and application of knowledge and skills or strategies presented in the course. 2 Paper or writing assignment demonstrates/provides: Minimal understanding of concepts and issues presented in the course, and, while generally accurate, displays some omissions and/or errors; and/or Few and/or irrelevant examples; and/or Few if any thought-provoking ideas, little original thinking; and/or “Regurgitated” knowledge rather than critical thinking; Little mastery of skills and/or numerous errors when using the knowledge, skills, or strategies presented in the course. 1 Paper or writing assignment demonstrates/provides: A lack of understanding of the concepts and issues presented in the course and/or application is inaccurate and contains many omissions and/or errors; and/or No examples or irrelevant examples; and/or No thought-provoking ideas or original thinking; and/or No critical thinking; and/or Many critical errors when applying knowledge, skills, or strategies presented in the course. QUALITY OF WRITING 4 Writing is scholarly and exceeds graduate-level writing expectations. The paper: Uses language that is clear, concise, and appropriate; Has few if any errors in spelling, grammar, and syntax; Is extremely well organized, logical, clear, and never confuses the reader; Uses a preponderance of original language and uses direct quotes only when necessary and/or appropriate; Provides information about a source when citing or paraphrasing it. 3 Writing is scholarly and meets graduate-level writing expectations. The paper: Uses language that is clear; Has a few errors in spelling, grammar, and syntax; Is well organized, logical, and clear; Uses original language and uses direct quotes when necessary and/or appropriate; Provides information about a source when citing or p araphrasing it. 2 Writing is somewhat below graduate-level writing expectations. The paper: Uses language that is unclear and/or inappropriate; and/or Has more than occasional errors in spelling, grammar, and syntax; and/or Is poorly organized, is at times unclear and confusing, and has some problems with logical flow; and/or Reflects an under use of original language and an overuse of direct quotes and paraphrases; and/or Sometimes lacks information about a source when citing or paraphrasing it. 1 Writing is well below graduate-level writing expectations. The paper: Uses unclear and inappropriate language; and/or Has many errors in spelling, grammar, and syntax; and/or Lacks organization in a way that creates confusion for the reader; and/or Contains many direct quotes from original source materials and/or consistently and poorly paraphrases rather than using original language; and/or Lacks information about a source when citing or paraphrasing it. For Research Papers Only, Include the Following Trait RESEARCH, SCHOLARSHIP, AND PROFESSIONAL STYLE 4 The paper represents exceptional research, scholarship, and professional style. Paper content: Significantly contributes to the knowledge in the field; Is well supported by current and pertinent research/evidence (within the previous 5 years, except for seminal, original research where appropriate) from a variety of primarily primary, peer-reviewed sources (rather than textbooks and Web sites); and Consistently uses correct APA form and style (including citations, references, use of nonbiased language, clear organization, good editorial style, etc.) with very few or no errors. 3 The paper meets graduate-level expectations for research, scholarship, and professional style. Paper content: Contributes to knowledge in the field; Is supported by current and pertinent research/evidence (within the previous 5 years, except for seminal, original research where appropriate) from a variety of peer-reviewed books and journals (rather than textbooks and Web sites); Uses correct APA form and style (including citations, references, use of nonbiased language, clear organization, good editorial style, etc.) with only a few errors. 2 The paper is somewhat below graduate-level expectations for research, scholarship, and professional style. Paper content: Does little to contribute to knowledge in the field; Is often supported by research older than 5 years, secondary sources (textbooks and Web sites), and sources that lack in variety; and/or Uses APA form and style (including citations, references, use of nonbiased language, clear organization, good editorial style, etc.), but has frequent errors. 1 The paper is substantially below graduate-level expectations for research, scholarship, and professional style. Paper content: Does not contribute to knowledge in the field; Is, for the most part, unsupported by current (within the past 5 years), primary, and pertinent research/evidence from a variety of peer-reviewed books and journals; and/or Does not use or contains pervasive errors in APA style (including citations, references, use of nonbiased language, clear organization, good editorial style, etc.).
source..Applied Research and Evaluation
[Student Name’s]
[Institution]
Applied Research and Evaluation
National Research Center, Inc. (NRC) is a research corporation specializing in performance assessment and measurement. The organization carries out survey research via mail, on the internet, phone and in-person. They analyze existing and new data sets employing sophisticated inferential methods or simple description of data. In addition to quantitative analyses, the firm designs as well as conducts focus groups and other qualitative evaluations. Their customers often are not-for-profit human agencies, foundations and local governments. Customers are helped with tracking resident or customer opinion concerning service delivery. NRC assists their customers by measuring policy or program outcomes and carrying out assessments of the client or community needs. They also offer training in survey research and outcome measurement (O'Sullivan et al., 2008).
National Research Center, Inc. (NRC) is a leading evaluation and research firm specializing on the data requirements of the civic sector, comprising health care providers, non-profit agencies, foundations, as well as local governments. They are a highly experienced team of social science and civic health researchers doing a full range of quality research to assist institutions measure their efficiency and comprehend the perspectives of their staff, and potential and current clients. NRC performs needs’ assessments, conducts civic opinion surveys, assesses existing programs, as well as assists organizations to develop and test expected policies.
NRC offers trainings as well as writes curricula and instruction manuals on the methods and makes use of assessment and survey research. The study’s results are employed to budget for better or new services, benchmark best practices, increase sustainability, enhance performance, improve outcomes, satisfy client or consumer preferences and boost funding, as well as revenue generation. Staff members of NRC are fluent both in quantitative and qualitative research strategies and often make use of both approaches in one study. They do process and result assessments and have broad experience carrying out surveys and interviews, convening focus groups, making use of secondary data sources and observational methods.
The firm employs the framework and meta-analysis methods to integrate research findings, develops statistical models of what works, analyzes as well as boosts the psychometric properties of data collection tools. National Research Center data analysis approaches comprise a broad array of analytic methods: descriptive data analyses, for instance, frequency distributions; cross-tabulations and measures of central tendency; inferential tests, for example, chi-square and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Moreover, NRC performs sophisticated analyses, for example, modeling with logistic regression or hierarchical linear modeling or multiple linear regression; time series analysis, as well as multi-factorial variance analysis; structural tests employing cluster analysis or factor analysis (Garson, 2009).
The company’s real world approach to evaluation and research enables NRC to work with customers, which enables to design best research policies given constraint of money and time. They delight themselves on their interest to cultural context in every aspect of their work. This feeling is perceived in the design, instrumentation, and analysis that they recommend as well as in their reports. They strive to create partnerships with the institutions they assess, in order to build the necessary trust for the triumphant results since their work is to boost the life quality of their customers (ASPA, 2006). NRC partnered with the County Management/ International City Association in 2001 and formed The National Citizen Survey, a uniform survey instrument employed by broadly diverse local jurisdictions crossways the U.S. to evaluate resident contentment with government service provision and community amenities.
The National Research Center was developed to offer a statistically valid resident opinions survey concerning community, as well as services offered by local government. The survey results can be employed by staff, designated officials, as well as other stakeholders for resource allocation and community planning, policy making, program improvement and tracking changes in residents’ opinions concerning government performance.
Environmental issues – focus groups and NRC surveys have offered direction in ecological studies regarding waste, water, open space, as well as energy issues. They have carried out surveys on water redundancy, water conservation, water reclamation, water quality, water billing, as well as use of coin operated washing machinery. NRC has gauged civic support and readiness to disburse for recycling programs, transit and alternate means of transportation and open space acquisition. Their survey has frequently been employed to assess ecological programs, as well as policies via measuring changes in resident attitudes, knowledge, behaviors and intentions.
Human services – human services institutions have employed focus groups and surveys to assist plan and assess a variety of programs. NRC firm has carried out numerous studies of special populace needs, for instance, youth, older adults and low income residents. National Research Center has collaborated with and offered information to several community based institutions concerning the efficiency of services in topic areas, for instance, youth self-worth, conflict resolution, drug use and alcohol (substance) abuse, lifestyle and health issues, domestic violence and more.
Community health – public health sections have employed surveys as well as focus groups to generate increasingly healthy milieus for the residents. They have carried out surveys on mosquito treatment, unintended pregnancy, smoking ordinances, leisure and recreation activities, access to health care and health-related matters affecting aged adults. The survey work with health care givers has included needs evaluations for new programs and facilities, patient satisfaction measurement and determination of civic assistance eligibility for uninsured patients. They have as well surveyed customers of community based institutions to evaluate improvement in the fields of food security, nutrition, obesity prevention and physical activity (Surveyspro, 2009).
Research Questions
* What is program assessment?
* Why is program assessment necessary?
* Why do the citizens who run businesses want to succeed?
* What do business managers or owners deem about the services that local jurisdictions offer?
* Which barricades inhibit strong trade in jurisdictions crossways the nation?
* What are the gaps between services required by society members and accessible resources?
* What are the barricades to getting services that exist?
* Are the older inhabitants in a society isolated by poor health, lack of transport or scarce chances that obstruct them to unite with other?
* Should limited society money be directed to converse with a rapid growing number of new Americans who talk Spanish at domicile? Does this society require an inpatient hospital facility?
Program Evaluation
According to Booth et al (1995), institutions as well as private-sector agencies and publics often comprise assessment as an important element of their programmatic plans. Assessment is the use of defensible criteria to resolve the worth or merit of programs. Program assessment involves the methodical collection of data concerning a program, or some program aspect(s) to get to conclusions about the effectiveness or service delivery. The motive of program assessment comprise: oversight and compliance; judgment of worth or merit; knowledge development or organizational and program improvement. National Research Center, Inc has offered program assessment services versatile groups of customers.
National Research Center has worked with units like The Colorado Trust and the Fund for Colorado’s Future on a variety of multi-year education, multi-site, or health related initiatives. More frequently, they work with not-for-profit community based institutions: those serving domestic violence and sexual assault victims, dental aid, after-school programs, child care, Latino parents, African American leaders, homeless, elderly and more. They have youth-serving programs; printed outcome handbooks for older grown-ups; obesity prevention programs; society food security projects, and a toolkit to assist community based institutions and measure their efficiency.
The assessment team at National Research Center comprises experts in research design, program evaluation, qualitative and quantitative methods, cost-benefit analyses and survey research. The employees have education as well as training in different fields comprising political science, education, public health, sociology, social work, psychology, criminal justice, and economics. The diversity in the professional and educational background of the group allows NRC professional to apply their familiarity with program assessment methods to the content fields, as per their customers’ needs.
National Research Center Evaluation – NRC employs a collaborative approach, working together with the customer to design and execute a comprehensive assessment. As a result, they offer several different program assessments within a diversity of activities that comprise: Summative and Formative Evaluation, Needs Assessments, Monitoring Studies and Outcome Evaluation or Process Evaluation. Needs assessment – it is known as a feasibility study or market research in the private sector, and it drives business verdicts. In the wo...
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