Poverty (Term Paper Sample)

Sociology
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Poverty
Introduction
Poverty can be defined as lack of basic human requirements such as food, shelter, education and clean water. It is the state through which majority of people lack sources of income generation to improve their livelihood. Poverty is caused by various factors such as inequitable distribution of resources, unstable economy, unstable political environment, war and scarcity of resources. As a result, majority of the citizens are poor as reflected by the low income and poor health. It is as a result of poverty that the majority of the people engage in violent acts such as murder, stealing and drug trafficking. Poverty is directly linked with the occurrence of social injustices such as child trafficking and prostitution. Many of the poor families live below the poverty line in Africa (Lüsted, 2010). Although the rate of poverty in the world has reduced in the last ten years, Africa is among the highest affected continent in the world at a rate of forty six percent. The reduction of occurrence of poverty has been caused by improved world economies, effective governance, improvement of social life and technological advancement (Gifford, 2009). It is through knowledge acquisition that the majority of people have adopted various entrepreneurial skills aimed at bridging the poverty gap. In addition, adoption of best educational methods has aided in reduction of poverty. This is because people can easily propagate the aspect of globalization through seeking worldwide employment. Measures have been put in place to prevent the occurrence of poverty through social interactions. Such measures include food conservation programs, clean water and health services provision to the people. The aim of the research is to conduct annotated bibliography on poverty in relation to prevalence rate and preventive measures.
Annotated bibliography
Gifford, C. (2009). Poverty. London: Evans Brothers.
Gifford (2009) reflects on diversified causes of poverty in the world. The author states that the extremities of poverty have highly affected the developing countries. In his view, the major causes of poverty in the world are dictated by political instability, economic challenges and high population. In addition, the author states that poverty levels are escalated in the many parts of the world as a result of individualism and corruption. The author stipulates that poverty can be reduced through proper implementation of education, business and healthcare policies (Gifford, 2009, p. 34). The book further states that high debts incurred by the developing nations perpetuate the levels of poverty. The developed nations have indulged the developing countries in business activities that propagate levels of poverty. It is the aspect of over-reliance in aids and grants that have prevented effective implementation of world economic policies. The author uses randomized quantitative and qualitative model to conduct research. The study stipulates that forty eight percent of the world population live in poverty according to the United Nation statistics. Therefore, the source is relevant to study as it provides causes and solutions of poverty. The author also compares various regions in the line of poverty levels. The source is paramount as it provides solutions to poverty occurrence such as food sustainability, self-reliance and principled governance.
Lüsted, M. A. (2010). Poverty. Minnesota: ABDO.
Lusted, (2010) reflects on the issue of poverty on a global perspective. The author states that twenty percent of the world population lives in extreme poverty. Extreme poverty is measured in the form of daily expenditures whereby the majority survives on less than two US dollars. The author indicates that the most vulnerable victims of poverty are children. In addition, the book states that many under aged children are overworked and enslaved in an effort to curb poverty. The escalating poverty levels have resulted to the increased rate of school drop outs. According to the United Nations International Children’s Emergency Funds, poverty has affected the effective implementation of education policies among children (Lusted, 2010, p. 8). This is because the children lack basic resources such as writing materials and food to attend learning institutions. The author uses comparative model to carry out research on poverty levels across the world. Therefore, the source is relevance to the study as it provides the causes and solutions of poverty. In addition, the book provides world perspective on poverty in the line of vulnerable people. The book uses evidence-based materials to expound on poverty.
Media, C. (2011). The causes of poverty.
The source provides an overview of causes of poverty in a ten minute video. The video provides future projections of poverty levels in the world. In addition, the source states that overpopulation is the major cause of poverty. Furthermore, the poor healthcare policies in the developing nations and over-reliance on funds have affected the economic status of the developing countries (Media, 2011). This has resulted to increased infant mortality rate thus escalating poverty. Inadequate food supplies are the leading causes of poor health status of the developing countries. Additionally, poor implementation of education policies and hunger has escalated the levels of poverty. The source states that children are susceptible to diseases as a result of poverty. This is because of poor nutrition. The source is paramount to the study because it provides various causes of poverty such as education, healthcare, economy and population. The source also provides statistical projection of poverty levels in three years time.
Onwa, E. (2011). True causes of poverty in Africa.
Onwa (2011) reflects on the causes of poverty in the developing countries. In his view, the author states that the major causes of poverty are lack of basic infrastructure, economic down turn and political instability. In addition, the author states that the factor of insecurity has escalated wars in the developing countries. In turn, poverty levels have increased as a result of war and political instability. The author stipulates that poor implementation of policies such as education and healthcare has further escalated poverty levels in developing countries. The author relates the cases of diseases occurrence with the increasing levels of poverty in Africa. It is through inequitable distribution of resources that poverty gap has perpetually increased between the poor and the rich. Embezzlement of public resources as a result of poor governance has impoverished majority of citizens in the developing countries (Onwa, 2011). The author uses ‘general comparative’ technique to provide information on the escalating level of poverty. The overdependence on one product has increased poverty levels. The author states that seventy five percent of developing countries depend on ...