Aerobic and Anaerobic Cellular Respiration (Term Paper Sample)

Aerobic and Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
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Aerobic and Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
For the body to perform any exercise, energy is required. This power comes from the food that individuals eat. The body cells breakdown this carbohydrates as well as fats to provide energy. The energy is kept in the form of adenosine triphosphate. This power is delivered chemically in the form of adenosine triphosphate that is a very high-energy phosphate kept within skeletal muscle. Adenosine triphosphate is the only fuel that can be used straight by the functioning muscles for contraction. The body has inadequate supplies of adenosine triphosphate. In fact, it has only sufficient to last for two seconds of extreme running. Therefore, it’s only logical that adenosine triphosphate must continuously be synthesized from other foundations through diverse metabolic passageways (CYBERED, 2004, pg.41).
The principle of the 100-metre sprint is swiftness. Very little oxygen is breathed during the event that takes roughly ten seconds for the world’s excellent sprinters. The high speed makes the experience practically exclusively anaerobic. Naturally, the body has three systems of energy that are the immediate system, the short-term system, and the long-term system. The 100-meter sprint which is essentially a maximum, high-intensity exercise employs the direct energy system. Between four to five times more phosphocreatine in skeletal muscle is used than in adenosine triphosphate and the immediate energy system starts to manufacture adenosine triphosphate anaerobically through phosphocreatine hydrolysis precisely as the muscles begin to contract. The rate of phosphocreatine hydrolysis is usually high within the first two seconds of contraction of which after that it starts to go down due to incomplete phosphocreatine synthesis. During the 100-meter race, a lot of oxygen is needed (WISNESKI & SOURBEER, 2008, pg.16). A lot of adenosine triphosphate and phosphocreatine are usually depleted, and accumulation of lactate increases significantly.
Glucose is virtually the only fuel that can be used during glycolysis, which plainly means the breakdown of glucose. This breakdown produces adenosine triphosphate as glucose that is transformed into two molecules of pyruvate. Hydrogen is also formed during this development, and if oxygen is available, the aerobic system can use hydrogen and pyruvate to create additional adenosine triphosphate. More often than not, the aerobic system cannot handle the excess hydrogen which is usually formed; therefore hydrogen combines with pyruvate to create lactic acid. This lactic acid enters the bloodstream and is removed by the liver. The level at which creation of lactose is inherently quicker than lactate removal is termed as the lactate threshold which is otherwise mentioned to as anaerobic threshold. This is the point where lactic acid starts to amass in the blood (CAMPBELL, REECE & SIMON, 2004, pg.32). The accumulation of acidity of the blood impedes usage of fatty acids for energy manufacture via aerobic breakdown. Consequently, this increases the body’s dependence on carbohydrate as well as glycolysis.
Lactate reduces the pH of the tissues in which it accumulates. Research conducted on isolated muscle preparations have revealed that decreasing the skeletal muscle pH, either damages muscle contraction, particularly by distracting calcium discharge or hinders adenosine triphosphate resynthesize. The phosphocreatine in muscle is used particularly to remanufacture adenosine triphosphate at very high level. A high degree of energy transmission matches the capability to yield a high power yield. The main weakness of this system is its inadequate capacity. If no further source of energy is available to the muscle, exhaustion eventually occurs quickly. The percentage at which recovery takes place for the short dash is somewhat quick meaning that if need be, a second sprint can be finished at roughly at a similar speediness after two to three seconds of recovery.
A marathon is usually an aerobic event. Approximately two to three hours are taken entirely for the elite runners. The marathon uses the long-term energy system. As long as there is oxygen produced, to the working muscles, adenosine triphosphate can be re-manufactured by means of aerobic metabolism. During a marathon, the runner consumes approximately seventy-five kilograms of adenosine triphosphate. Since this amount cannot be kept in the body, adenosine triphosphate is remanufactured from different fuel sources. The sources include lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, as well as phosphocreatine, with the catabolism of the fuels pr...