Deviance Term Paper (Term Paper Sample)

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1 Explain how deviance is understood as a matter of social definition?
From a socialist point of view, it is an unexpected behavior of a person who breaks the laws. The reaction or behavior of an individual is usually negative; however, the behavior could be controlled or changed.
2 From the point of view of functionalist, what are the major positive and negative consequences of deviance?
Functionalists lay stress that deviance occurs both positively and negatively. The negative consequences of deviance according to the functionalists are; it undermines the reliability of an individual in a society and is also responsible for creating a chaos in a society whereas it aids in making norms less offensive and more comprehensive and also help in becoming an individual socially different.
3 Generally, what is the perspective of symbolic interactionism toward deviance?
Symbolic interactionism refers that deviance is transferred through adopting a social behavior. Both differential association theory and labelling theory supports this perspective.
4 From the point of view of conflict theory, how are capitalism and deviance related?
According to this approach, high valued and powerful individuals of a society are intended to remain powerful. They are the ones who decide the negative behaviors in a deviant and use their power to determine how these negative behaviors should be dealt.
5 Explain the difference between occupational crime and corporate crime?
Occupational Crimes: Those criminal activities that takes place in an organization or work places by the people working there.
Corporate Crimes: It refers to those criminal activities or negative behaviors of the rich and powerful people or the corporate itself.
6 Discuss how the US compares to other countries in terms of the incidence of crime?
According to population, US is the third largest country after China and India.
Its crime rate is comparably higher than the other countries. The percentage of crimes is the highest in the entire world.
7 What are the major sources of crime and victimization data in the United States?
Fig 1.1 data shows the major sources of crime and victimization in US
8 Briefly outline the strain theory of deviance.
According to this theory, when the relation between the goals of a culture and the potentials to achieve these goals seems ineffective by any void means, deviance likely takes place.
9 Hirschi’s control theory assumes that deviance, or its absence, can best be explained by strong social bonds. What aspects of social bonds does Hirschi think are important?
According to Hirschi’s control theory, there are four essential and significant features of strong social bonds. They are:
* Attachment: It refers to the responsiveness of an individual when one becomes judgmental of what others think.
* Commitments: It refers to when people usually spent time and energy to value relationships and do not want to take any risk by any deviant behavior. For example, people do not want to show their negative behavior towards their families and friends if they commit a crime.
* Involvement: It is the third social bond outlined by Hirschi. It says that people who are engaged in positive behavior usually are not engaged in negative social activities. For example, if students are involved in co-curricular activities and not involved in other negative behaviors, deviance is absent in those young people
* Belief: It defines that social bond which is seen in people who give more importance to norms and values. Such as young people who avoid committing crimes and take them as wrong behavior and action.
10 How do the differential association and labelling perspectives attempt to explain deviant behavior?
Differentiation association holds the view that deviance can be diffused in a society through learned behavior. Cultural behavior such as breaking the law is a learned behavior. Such types of individuals are more exposed to crimes.