Do Animals have Emotions? (Annotated Bibliography Sample)

Do animals have emotions?
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Do animals have emotions?
Annotated Outline
Introduction
* Emotions are traits of all living creatures.
Both humans and animals have emotions.
* Thesis: All living things have emotions, explaining why they eat, sleep, move, and enjoy activities in their lives.
* Origins of the debate on animals’ emotions
* An argument has always existed on whether animals have emotions.
* Animals like cats, monkeys, and dogs have emotions, which is why they make faces at humans and play with them.
* People may claim animals to be emotionless because comprehending feelings displayed by animals is the most complex task. However, the fact that they are responding is evidence that they, too, have emotions.
* Most people perceive animals to be emotionless.
* All animals, just like human beings, are different, thus displaying their feelings differently.
* Like people, animals also respond differently to various situations.
* Pythagoreans believe that even though many animals have emotions, they still deem not all animals have emotions.
Research Proving Animals Have Emotions
* Animals possess sentiments
Bekoff, M. (2000). Animal emotions: Exploring passionate natures. BioScience, 50(10), 861. https://doi.org/10.1641/0006-3568(2000)050[0861:aeepn]2.0.co;2
* Bekoff argues that animals have feelings like other living creatures because of their need to survive. Like humans, animals have various feelings like sorrow, fear, anger, despair, happiness, anger, sympathy, and compassion.
* According to Bekoff, people tend to assume that animals are emotionless because they lack an understanding of animals’ feelings. Humans deem that animals only learn humans’ emotions and respond to them because they lack their emotions to display to humans. Therefore, animals have emotions because they are not robots; with the urge to eat, sleep, defend, and enjoy, the assumption of animals being emotionless should be overruled.
* The Novelty of a Situation
Désiré, L., Boissy, A., & Veissier, I. (2002). Emotions in farm animals:. Behavioural Processes, 60(2), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0376-6357(02)00081-5
* Désiré et al. (2002) believe that animals have emotions because, just like human beings, they understand situations and choose how and when to respond. Unlike humans, animals can respond to abrupt situations accordingly, explaining their uniqueness. For instance, when there is a change in sound or a new voice in or outside a room, cats, dogs, and other animals suddenly change their positions to the direction of the sound. Animals tend to fear loud noise because they perceive the situation as a threat, thus preparing for defense.
* Animals are novel because they have an element of familiarity. Désiré et al. (2002) animals monitor their daily routine so that when a strange situation occurs, they prepare for defense. For instance, when animals with families detect unfamiliar movements in a zoo, they protect themselves until the impending