The Proposed Testing Needed For Drug Zl105 Using Different Models (Case Study Sample)

Name Student Number Tutors’ Name Introduction Proposed Testing for Drug ZL105 Before Drug ZL105 can be approved for use by humans to treat cancer, it needs to undergo a number of tests for ascertain its safety and effectiveness. The available testing models; Animal, cell cultures and computer simulations are all suited for different circumstances and different types of drugs. For this specific drug, I propose that the drug undergo animal testing. Although there are instances when a combination of different testing models can be used, we propose animal testing as the only model so as to minimize costs and realize results more quickly. Before settling on animal testing, I evaluated all the models to determine their strengths and weaknesses in testing Drug ZL105. The cell culture model has the benefit of being simple and low cost, with the ability to study many different aspects of the drug’s efficacy and toxicity ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Katt", "given" : "Moriah E.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Placone", "given" : "Amanda L.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Wong", "given" : "Andrew D.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Xu", "given" : "Zinnia S.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Searson", "given" : "Peter C.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2016" ] ] }, "page" : "12-13", "title" : "In vitro models: Advantages, disadvantages, variables, and selecting the right platform", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "4" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=bac9c685-0998-48cc-9c8d-d0011be57e2b" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Katt, Placone, Wong, Xu, & Searson, 2016)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Katt, Placone, Wong, Xu, & Searson, 2016)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Katt, Placone, Wong, Xu, & Searson, 2016)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Katt, Placone, Wong, Xu, & Searson, 2016). It is also effective for the initial stages of drug screening, as positive results on cell cultures can indicate possible positive results in patients ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Katt", "given" : "Moriah E.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Placone", "given" : "Amanda L.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Wong", "given" : "Andrew D.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Xu", "given" : "Zinnia S.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Searson", "given" : "Peter C.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2016" ] ] }, "page" : "12-13", "title" : "In vitro models: Advantages, disadvantages, variables, and selecting the right platform", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "4" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=bac9c685-0998-48cc-9c8d-d0011be57e2b" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Katt et al., 2016)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Katt et al., 2016)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Katt et al., 2016)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Katt et al., 2016). Its major drawback, however, is that fact that the cell cultures do not represent the tumor microenvironment accurately ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Lovitt", "given" : "Carrie J.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Shelper", "given" : "Todd B.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" }, { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Avery", "given" : "Vicky M.", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Biology", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issue" : "2", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2014" ] ] }, "page" : "345-365", "title" : "Advanced cell structure techniques for cancer drug discovery", "type" : "article-journal", "volume" : "3" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=b06af453-a113-4175-beaf-508c409d2cee" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Lovitt, Shelper, & Avery, 2014)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Lovitt, Shelper, & Avery, 2014)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Lovitt, Shelper, & Avery, 2014)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Lovitt, Shelper, & Avery, 2014). This means that some of the results may not be applicable to patients. The cell culture model also fails to address the question of cancer reoccurrence, which is a major cause of cancer related deaths. Computer simulations are also lauded for being more cost effective, and for their ability to find personalized results for individual patients ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Venosa", "given" : "Ali", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Medical Daily", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2015" ] ] }, "page" : "1-2", "title" : "Computer simulation could be used to predict personalized medicine for cancer patients", "type" : "webpage" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=2a13f3fd-6774-485e-b95c-850248a436ea" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Venosa, 2015)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Venosa, 2015)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Venosa, 2015)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Venosa, 2015). Using computer simulations to predict how the drug will perform on different types of patient is a great way to minimize unpredictability while reducing the emotional, physical and financial burden on the patient. Computer models have also been shown to be effective in predicting drug side effects, which improves the drug’s safety ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Bole", "given" : "Kristen", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "University of California San Francisco", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2012" ] ] }, "page" : "1-2", "title" : "Computer model successfully pedicts drug side effects", "type" : "webpage" }, "uris" : [ "/documents/?uuid=3211de03-28e6-4ebb-bf1f-56f90da1b4c0" ] } ], "mendeley" : { "formattedCitation" : "(Bole, 2012)", "plainTextFormattedCitation" : "(Bole, 2012)", "previouslyFormattedCitation" : "(Bole, 2012)" }, "properties" : { "noteIndex" : 0 }, "schema" : "https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json" }(Bole, 2012). Despite these benefits, computer simulations for cancer treatments are less advanced, meaning that it would not be an effective model for Drug ZL105. Due to these and other findings, animal testing would be the most appropriate model for Drug Zl105. Many organizations and researchers acknowledge that cancer treatment would not be where it is now if we didn’t have animal testing. Some cancer drugs such as Tamoxifen (for breast cancer) and Imatinib (for myeloid leukemia) have already been approved with the help of animal testing ADDIN CSL_CITATION { "citationItems" : [ { "id" : "ITEM-1", "itemData" : { "author" : [ { "dropping-particle" : "", "family" : "Scott", "given" : "David", "non-dropping-particle" : "", "parse-names" : false, "suffix" : "" } ], "container-title" : "Cancer Research UK", "id" : "ITEM-1", "issued" : { "date-parts" : [ [ "2011" ] ] }, "page...