Discuss About Ebola Virus, Its Cause, Symptoms Treatment (Essay Sample)

Ebola Virus
Name
Institution
Ebola Virus
Introduction of disease
Ebola virus can be classified under the family Filoviridae and the genus Ebola. The virus circulates in West Africa countries where it brings about massive outbreaks of Ebola viral disease. This outbreak leads to Ebola hemorrhagic fever that occurs in its terminal periods (Trad, et al., 2017). Notably, the rate of fatality of this disease is high because of its quick transmission and its swift pathogenesis. Ebola disease remains to be acute, severe and often deadly if no management, as well as preventive measures, are initiated. The disorders were first discovered in 1976 when it appeared in Democratic Republic of Congo and Sudan (Goeijenbier, 2014). Identification of Ebola virus is a significant challenge, and hence this makes it difficult in attempting to treat and prevent the viral spread to humans.
Etiology and risk factors
The risk of transmission, as well as infection with Ebola virus, remains to be linked to three behaviors that include making close contacts with those who are infected in the later phase of the disease. Also, caring for an individual with an Ebola virus infection or even when preparing the departed for a decent interment (Lawrence, Danet, Reynard, Volchkova & Volchkov, 2017). It should be noted that there is no risk of contamination with asymptomatic individuals and a very low threat of infection when the infection is at the incubation period; and a low risk of contagion during the initial; week of symptomatic illness (Trad, et a., 2017). There is the high risk of diffusion in funerals that happens when a person makes contact with the diseased.
Also, visiting as well as caring for Ebola victims within hospitals augments transmission risks in significant outbreaks. Therefore, this may be attributed to advanced viral loads in the stages when the illness is acute, and there are inadequate protection measures (Lawrence, Danet, Reynard, Volchkova & Volchkov, 2017). Nonetheless, the previous hospitalization in hospitals that have sufficient isolation as well as protective measures may significantly lower the duration as well as the problem of Ebola outbreak. Adulthood raises the risk of disease, and the risk of illness does not rely on the total amount of the viral loads. The higher risk is linked to the adults because adults are majorly caring givers. Therefore, they would be disposed to give care to those who are infected with EVD (Trad, et al., 2017). Contacts with the wild animal are significant in Ebola virus epidemiology because outbreaks are most often associated with wild animals. Notably, the risk of transmission of Ebola virus is higher when one makes contact with the fluids from a person who is infected and has developed signs, for example, is the Ebola patient has broken skin surfaces or rather they have unprotected mucous membranes.
Pathophysiological processes
Information on the disease pathogenesis processes can be obtained from laboratory research, which uses primates like monkeys, and mice. For instance, the West African Ebola outbreak in 2014-2015provided information on disease pathogenesis process via case reports as well as colossal scale observational studies. Ebola virus gains entrance into the body via mucous membranes, cuts, and breaks within the surface of the skin surface. Various types of cells are infected mainly the macrophages as well as dendritic cells by the Ebola virus, in which replication is performed that leads to cell necrosis (Goeijenbier, 2014). The Ebola virus spreads steadily by overpowering type I interferon reactions and then moves to the lymph nodes whereby they further replicate. The virus then enters the bloodstream as it gains entry into the dendritic cells, lymphoid tissues and macrophages cells in the liver. Fatal infection happens at the time that there is multifocal necrosis within tissues such as the spleen as well as the liver.
Clinical Manifestations & Complications
Clinical manifestation can be seen in the symptoms caused by the virus. Ebola virus patients suffer from severe diarrhea and vomiting, which may result in acute capacity depletion, shock as well hypotension. One may averagely stay with Ebola infection for about ten days. The first signs are the sudden beginning of the fever, muscle pain, fatigue, weakness, muscle pain, sore throat as well as a severe headache (Goeijenbier, 2014). After that, the patient may experience vomiting, diarrhea, ab...