Epidemiological Information and How It Influences Public Health (Essay Sample)

Epidemiological information and how it influences public health
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Epidemiological information and how it influences public health
Question 1
Used to minimize the effects on dependent variables to improve the reliability on the research findings. Controls in research study helps in removing alternate explanations of the research findings such as biasness and errors. The help in validating the results Controls is used by the researcher to come up with a cause-and-effect coronation by changing the effects of the independent variable. For example, if a researcher is intending to do a research on how gift and performance of students in school is related, with hypotheses that students excel in exams when they are given gifts. A researcher may decide to divide the students into two groups, give gifts to one group and give no gift to the other party and call it a control group in his research. If the ungifted group (control) perform better that the gifted group then the conclusion is that gifts is not a motivational measure of student’s performance In this study control was used among the live baths and the children boron with cases of abnormalities to compare the average change and percentage in livebirths over the years due to the exposure of hazardous waste on congenital malformation. The use of control enabled the researcher to come up with trends and percentages and prediction. It could also be used to predict and advice the potential victims of exposure (Bortolus et al., 2014).
Question 2
A confounding variable in an additional variable that a researcher doesn’t account for. They are capable of reversing the aim of the research and giving obsolete results. They are capable of introducing fake correlation or even biasness. The researcher must be kin to notice them and avoid introducing them into the research study. Take for example, if a study is conducted to determine effects of ice cream, a researcher finds out that most of the consumers of ice cream are affected with sunburn, the researcher mat assume that ice cream causes sun burn. However, the real sense may be the ice consumers tend to bask in the sun after because of clod cause by ice cream, from which they het the sun burn. In this case the factor of sunlight is introduce and it is the confounding variable. In this study confounding variables included age, race, education, length of gestation, weight of child gender infant among other variables. These variables were likely to change the aim of the research and cause biasness. (Škrinjarić, 2020)
Question 3
Malformation with Highest Odd Ratio:
* Nervous System; This indicates a stronger association
* Musculoskeletal;
Question 4
Body systems at the most risk of exposure to chemical leaks
Malformation With Lowest Odd Ratio: Musculoskeletal system
Question 5
* Metal, Plastics and Pesticides
* Solvents, Pesticides and Plastics
Question 6 finding
In this research, a 12% increment of malformation risks related to maternal exposure to hazardous waste were determined that were generated basically from pesticides, metals, solvents in the wastes, plastic, and other unknown toxic chemicals. The child bearing mothers residing in a radius of 1 mile from the landfill sites were found to be potentially vulnerable The highly affected body parts are the integumentary system that include, skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands, 1370 cases were recorded while cases of oracle cleft were generally the least. The main exposure routes of these toxic chemicals include inhalation, terminal contact and ingestion and they occur by environmental exposure transmissions from air, running water and the soil surrounding the waste sites. An infection of one person or one species such as the sea food can spread across the whole population. The causes of malformation are either single isolated from one source or multiple and diverse. Most of these malformations are generic and can be transferred from mother to child. Some of these effects can be hidden for up to seven years after birth however, majority are always evident at birth and up to 10 percent death are caused by malformations (VRIJHEID & DOLK, 1996)
Question 7
Ensure that there is maximum surveillance system in all places where environmental risks are suspected and identified by integrating congenital anomaly registers with the development in biomonitoring system. Pregnant female workers should minimize the degree of exposure to risk factors such as chemicals, physical and biological agents that may lead to congenital abnormally, women working in such areas should be given a leaf and frequent clinical checkups upon conception .The counties should strengthen available laws and introduce other relevant policies that regulate the level of exposure to toxic chemicals. The organization that happens to break these laws either intentionally or tension ally by introducing a toxic externality should be hold responsible
Mass screening of the risk population should be conducted time after time to enhance early identification of possible malformation complications and even the infected infants who may have delayed or hidden symptoms. Proper exposure disposal of toxic chemicals by coming up with modern landfills and incinerators. The