Red flour beetle in grain storage losses in Pakistan (Essay Sample)

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IMPACT AND ROLE OF RED FLOUR BEETLE IN GRAIN STORAGE LOSSES IN PAKISTAN
1. Introduction:
Red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is one of the major and serious insect pest of all stored grain products in all over the world with 2-6% annual losses in Pakistan (Avesi, 1983). In the world wide two thousand insect pests damage the stored agriculture commodities, out of these 70 species of moths (Lepidoptera), 355 species of different mites and specially 600 species of the various types of beetles, which decrease the both quality and quantity of products (Rajendran, 2005; Nagpal, 2012). Losses by the red flour beetle in Pakistan are different reported by the different researchers like 4-10% losses (Hauque et al., 1969), 5.08% by (Chaoudhry, 1980), 5% (Ahmad, 1984) and 3.25-25.5% (Irshad and Balouch, 1988). By the presence of the red flour beetle in the food, result in food spoilage, Economic and nutritional values decreased (Burkholder and Faustini, 1991).