Discussion: About Physiological and Social Causes of Addiction (Essay Sample)

Drug Addiction
Date
Introduction about Addiction
Addiction is an important of a cotemporary society both via its marked reduction in work functionality and medical implications, by its tendency to fates of different nature beginning from the slight lessening attention to a thought processes alteration. Because of multiple relapses of drugs abuse, drug addiction is sometimes misunderstood as an incurable medical disorder. However, serious cases make up a small percentage of the total; normally, those suffering from alcohol addiction have a better prognosis.  Addiction is one of the chronic conditions defined by difficult-to-control or compulsive substance use and seeking, despite adverse effects. Large number of people make a decision to utilize drugs voluntarily at first, but chronic drug utilization can cause changes to the brain that test an abuser's self-control. Besides this, it will also make it difficult to resist strong drug cravings. These brain alterations can last a long time. That is why; drug addiction is referred to as a "relapsing" disease: individuals suffering from drug abuse disorders are more likely to relapse after months or years of abstinence (Yucel et al, 2017).
Large numbers of individuals with disorders of substance abuse can be cognizant related to their addition, but they do not have the capability stop utilizing it. As per the “American Psychiatric Association, disorders of group substance use into four important categories that include drug effects, risky use, social problems and impaired control. An individual who shows craving, desires of quitting or have unsuccessful attempts of controlling or cut down use of substance is in a category of poor control.
There is a vast range of signs that are linked to addiction. Some symptoms, according to Bradley, (20170 include the requirement to utilize substances frequently, daily, or even many times a day. Having strong cravings for drugs that prevent an individual from thinking about anything else. Over time, they will require more of a chemical to achieve the same result. Taking more of a chemical for the longer time period than is recommended. Assuring that the drugs are always available (Ali et al, 2011). Due to substance abuse, people may fail to satisfy their duties and work commitments, as well as drastically cut on different social and leisure activities. Continuing to utilize despite the fact that it is producing problems in one's life or harming one's physical or mental health. While under the effect of alcohol or drugs, an individual should avoid driving or engaging in other potentially dangerous activities. Investing a significant amount of time in getting the substances, utilizing them, and recovering from their impacts. Attempts to cease using have failed, as well as withdrawal symptoms have developed. People also experience troubles at school or in the workplace, have issues related to the physical health, are unconcerned about their looks, have behavioral changes, and they will also have financial problems.
Cycle of Addition
There is a common misconception that addiction seems to be either present or absent in an individual's personality. This concept might lead to the misconception that an individual who is hooked to any substance only had a single drink or took an illegal drug once before being addicted (Koob, & Moal, 2013). The reality, though, is a little more complicated. In this situation, addiction develops across a number of phases and, like several other chronic disorders, frequently leads to a "cycle of addiction", abstinence or treatment, and relapse. Addiction can develop in several stages over the short amount of time or it may take years or months to develop. The following is a basic cycle that an addict goes through:
Initial Use: When a person comes into a contact with any drug, the addiction cycle begins. Prescription drug to treat pain, any social occasion where alcohol is available, or just peer pressure for taking the drug to blend in with peers are all reasons why someone could attempt the drug for the first time.
Abuse: The second stage of a cycle of addiction occurs when a person begins to misuse a drug on a regular basis. It could indicate that a person begins to drink more alcohol as a result of stress or anxiety, or that they begin taking bigger amounts of pain medicine without contacting their doctor. It is difficult to pinpoint accurately when abuse begins, but it is usually defined as a point at which a drug is consumed for the euphoric effect or high rather than the social component or intended usage.
Tolerance: When a person abuses a drug for long time peruid, they progress to a next stage of the addiction cycle: tolerance. " Chemical changes in the brain begin to occur at this point. Some of these chemical changes lead a substance's original dosage to no longer deliver the same physical or mental effects that the user has become accustomed to" (Ishujji, 2019). As a consequence, the person may try to recreate the initial euphoria by increasing the frequency or dosage or both frequency and dosage of utilization of a drug. This could operate for the while, but tolerance to a new higher dosage will eventually develop over time. When it happens, the person will progressively increase the dosage of a drug once more, gradually leading to serious substance usage.
Dependence: The brain or body becomes reliant on a substance to operate efficiently or for an abuser to remain "normal" at some point.
Addition: After a long period of consumption, a person will eventually develop an addiction. According to Mazhanaya et al, (2019), addiction is one of the complicated chronic psychological diseases caused by persistent drug use despite negative effects. A person who is at this level will be obsessed with using a particular drug to the extent that it has fully taken over their lives. It means that the person's substance misuse might have a detrimental effect on their relationship, employment, income, overall physical and mental health, and more.
Relapse: An addicted person may eventually recognize the negative or deadly implications of their drug usage, or they may become tired of the life being centered around their addictions. As a result, an effort to cease using is made. However, withdrawal triggers, symptoms or other events in the life of an individual an all lead to relapse. The relapse is described as a return to compulsive behavior associated with addiction.
Evidence Based Models (Sociocultural Model)
The importance of social interaction towards the development of psychology of an individual is emphasized in a sociocultural theory. It implies that learning of human is primarily a social activity, with the cognitive functions forming as a result of our encounters with individuals who are "talented." According to a sociocultural perspective, persons in an individual life who serve as mentors, such as parents and teachers, steer his or her psychological development. Other times, They form an individual values and views as a result of our interactions with others in the groups of people or through participation in cultural activities and events (Stephen, 2015).
As per the "sociocultural model", addiction can be caused by cultural values of any society and the harmful impacts of society and culture on a person behavior and actions. Although many cultural standards are subtle, they have a significant impact. People living in the US, for instance, not only accept, but they also consider intoxication amusing (Oksanen, 2013). When befuddled characters