How Does Freud Understand the Concept of “Narcissism”? (Essay Sample)

How Does Freud Understand the Concept of “Narcissism”?
Student Name
Institution
How Does Freud Understand the Concept of “Narcissism”?
The expository essay's object purpose was to investigate Freud’s conceptualization of narcissism ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"container-title":"Literary Theory: An Anthology","editor":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Rivkin","given":"Julie","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ryan","given":"Michael","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"page":"415-418","title":"Psychoanalysis and Psychology: Sigmund Freud, On Narcissism","type":"chapter"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=2cdb9f0e-9a3a-46c5-a1e6-fadafdb2ecfa"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004). The rate of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) prevalence was 6.2 % in the US. In addition, the risk of NPD was higher among Hispanics and African Americans ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Stinson","given":"F S","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Dawson","given":"D A","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Goldstein","given":"R B","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Chou","given":"S P","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Huang","given":"B","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Smith","given":"S M","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ruan","given":"W J","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Pulay","given":"A J","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Saha","given":"T D","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Pickering","given":"R P","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Grant","given":"B F","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"7","issued":{"date-parts":[["2008"]]},"page":"1033-1045","title":"Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV narcissistic personality disorder: results from the wave 2 national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions","type":"article-journal","volume":"69"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=41b1ec11-e5a1-4987-a90c-ecab9a946447"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Stinson et al., 2008)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Stinson et al., 2008)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Stinson et al., 2008)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Stinson et al., 2008), which is an issue of concern given that narcissism impacts cognitive function, subjective wellbeing, and interpersonal relations. Even though Freud attributes the development of narcissism to environmental factors, such as age, censorship, and parenting, personality is a critical moderating factor. The constructs that define theory are investigated, evaluated, and expounded in the literature review.
Literature Review
Freud’s conceptualization of narcissism postulates all humans are inherently narcissistic - a behavioural trait that evolves with age from primary to secondary narcissism ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"container-title":"Literary Theory: An Anthology","editor":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Rivkin","given":"Julie","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ryan","given":"Michael","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"page":"415-418","title":"Psychoanalysis and Psychology: Sigmund Freud, On Narcissism","type":"chapter"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=2cdb9f0e-9a3a-46c5-a1e6-fadafdb2ecfa"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004). Primary narcissism facilitates outward affection, positivity, optimism, and sociability, which reinforces positive social interactions in childhood. In contrast, secondary narcissism is characterized by extreme self-love in adulthood, dissociation from society, self-preservation, and the projection of negative emotions towards other people.
Primary and secondary forms of narcissism are shaped by similar forces, namely sex-drive and self-preservation or ego-libido ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"container-title":"Literary Theory: An Anthology","editor":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Rivkin","given":"Julie","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ryan","given":"Michael","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"page":"415-418","title":"Psychoanalysis and Psychology: Sigmund Freud, On Narcissism","type":"chapter"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=2cdb9f0e-9a3a-46c5-a1e6-fadafdb2ecfa"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004). In the formative stages of life, both forces have an equal impact on thought processes and cognition. However, during adulthood, there is an imbalance between the two forces considering adults are more concerned about the survival and preservation of their progeny. Theoretical evidence advanced by Sigmund suggests that sex-drive exerts a more dominant influence on thought processes compared to self-preservation ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"container-title":"Literary Theory: An Anthology","editor":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Rivkin","given":"Julie","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Ryan","given":"Michael","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"id":"ITEM-1","issued":{"date-parts":[["2004"]]},"page":"415-418","title":"Psychoanalysis and Psychology: Sigmund Freud, On Narcissism","type":"chapter"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=2cdb9f0e-9a3a-46c5-a1e6-fadafdb2ecfa"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Rivkin & Ryan, 2004). The principal arguments that define Freud's argument regarding narcissism are reinforced patterns in the Narcissistic Personality Inventory ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Twenge","given":"Jean M.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Miller","given":"Joshua D.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Campbell","given":"W. Keith","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]},"page":"227–229","title":"The Narcissism Epidemic: Commentary on Modernity and Narcissistic Personality Disorder","type":"article-journal","volume":"5"},"uris":["http://www.mendeley.com/documents/?uuid=10af1eb3-cc4d-483e-9676-0cc72a3f4614"]}],"mendeley":{"formattedCitation":"(Twenge, Miller, & Campbell, 2014)","plainTextFormattedCitation":"(Twenge, Miller, & Campbell, 2014)","previouslyFormattedCitation":"(Twenge, Miller, & Campbell, 2014)"},"properties":{"noteIndex":0},"schema":"https://github.com/citation-style-language/schema/raw/master/csl-citation.json"}(Twenge, Miller, & Campbell, 2014). The inventory shows that narcissistic tendencies were higher among college students in the US, leading to a narcissism epidemic.
Research by ADDIN CSL_CITATION {"citationItems":[{"id":"ITEM-1","itemData":{"author":[{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Twenge","given":"Jean M.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Miller","given":"Joshua D.","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""},{"dropping-particle":"","family":"Campbell","given":"W. Keith","non-dropping-particle":"","parse-names":false,"suffix":""}],"container-title":"Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment","id":"ITEM-1","issue":"2","issued":{"date-parts":[["2014"]]},"page":"227–229","title":"The Narcissism Epidemic: Commentary on Modernity and Narcissistic Personality Disord...