Management of Type Two Diabetes (Essay Sample)

MANAGEMENT OF TYPE TWO DIABETES
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Management of Type Two Diabetes
Type 2 Diabetes is a kind of diabetes that is considered a chronic illness that needs pharmacological treatment. When used in the medical profession, drugs such as metformin and gliclazide are both often utilized in monotherapy. Despite this, the usage of these medications in combination was an attractive approach since their effects were complementary to one another. This study discusses the benefits and drawbacks of utilizing medicines to reduce glucose levels.
Action on Glucose-Lowering Therapy
Lowering blood glucose levels and raising insulin sensitivity is accomplished primarily by suppressing gluconeogenesis, competing with glucagon-mediated signaling in the liver, and, to a lesser extent, enhancing glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. These three mechanisms work together to achieve these two objectives. Metformin increases the translocation of GLUT-1 glucose transporters to the plasma membrane, which activates glucose absorption by stimulating the activation of the insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS-2) (Foretz et al., 2019). As a result, the insulin-mediated reduction of gluconeogenesis that occurs during metformin administration is increased. Metformin also has an effect by inhibiting the gluconeogenic activity of the pancreas-produced hormone glucagon (Apovian et al., 2018). Metformin improves insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle by boosting insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity and GLUT-4 glucose transporter translocation to the plasma membrane. In order to produce this result, these two systems function in combination.
Furthermore, metformin increases AMPK activation, one of the insulin-induced mechanisms contributing to glucose absorption. Metformin's efficacy in treating diabetes is associated with reduced insulin concentrations in the bloodstream. This finding supports the drug's potential to increase glucose absorption in the liver and muscle tissue while decreasing gluconeogenesis