Test and Developmental Assessment Analysis (Other (Not Listed) Sample)

Test and Developmental Assessment Analysis 
Clinical Formulation and Research
Test One
Cut Scores
The WAIS-IV is a norm-referenced and individually-administered test that measures cognitive capability in people aged 16 to 90 (Wechsler, 2022). Generally, people divide this test’s cut scores into various classes. For example, the very superior category has scores of 130 and beyond. Also, the superior has marks stretching from 120 to 129. The high mean has totals that range from 110 to 119. The intellectual disability category has a score of 69 and below. This test has a standard deviation outcome of 15 (Wechsler, 2022). In this case, most of the acquired scores fall between 85 and 115. However, facts offered by this check entail a general Full-Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ) score. This assessment involves four index score subsets. The subsets entail Processing Speed Index (PSI), Working Memory Index (WMI), Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), and Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI).
Cultural Concerns
Many claims that cultural and demographic differences in IQ assessment scores result from biases established in the evaluations. However, numerous researchers claim that reputable assessment developers use safeguards to avoid item bias (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2017). For example, these professionals utilize statistical methods to recognize and replace items that function differently across ethnic groups. The frameworks and formats of numerous intelligence assessment methods are middle-class-oriented and knowledge-dependent (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2017). Also, the analysis model is an incentive reaction set, which many people consider a social-communication style distinctive to Western European cultures. Intelligence testing involves cultural concerns because people perceive such assessments as prejudiced in measuring a socially appropriate idea in a community. The test got stratified by gender, religion, ethnicity, and education with a normative sample of 2,200 folks (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2017). Also, people consider other aspects as concerns, including primary language, cultural values and beliefs, upbringing, worldview, and socioeconomic status.
Ethical Issues
The WAIS-IV permits the prorating and substitutions of subsets for every index scale (Wechsler, 2022). This phenomenon occurs for two replacements approved for the fullness of the assessment. Therefore, the allowance of substitutions results in numerous variations of this test composed of unlike subsets that offer varying associations and consistencies with the FSIQ and index scales. According to numerous investigations, permitting substitutions can result in concerns due to the potential for IQ roulette (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2017). Also, other researchers claim that various factors of scoring and administration require extra clarification. For example, individuals conducting the tests have time pressure to complete and concerns about what to write in their responses (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2017). This test also involves professional ethics issues because of the incompatibilities that may overestimate the Full-Scale IQs by an average rise of 20 points.
Method
Professionals conduct this test using pencil and paper. Experts also administer the WAIS-IV electronically through a web-founded program (Wechsler, 2022). Generally, the test entails 15 subsets when experts use the manual technique. These subsets produce four index scores and FSIQ. This test includes the supplemental subsets that entail Comprehension, Figure Weights, Visual Puzzles, Cancellation, and Letter-Number Sequencing (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2017). Also, it includes the ten core subsets, such as Vocabulary, Digital Symbol, Block Design, Picture Arrangement, Similarity, Matrix Reasoning, Symbol Search, Digital Span, Data, and Arithmetic (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2017). The evaluation needs 60 to 90 minutes for these subsets. Still, the 15 subsets require 65 to 95 minutes to create a summary.
Test Two
Cut Scores
The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 2 (MMPI-2) entails mental assessments that evaluate personality and psychopathology traits. Experts designed the initial MMPI to diagnose definite psychological syndromes like schizophrenia and depression (Kim et al., 2021). Therefore, this test is an update to the MMPI that professionals initiated in 1989. Generally, the new evaluation method has ten supplementary and clinical scales (Kim et al., 2021). This test also has 567 false and genuine questions. The test’s answers get scored founded on an array of seven validity and clinical scales divided into three general classes. These categories include Special, Basic, and Supplemental Scales. Experts convert the MMPI-2 totals into T-Scores on slides stretching from 30 to 120 (Kim et al., 2021). However, the normal T-Scores are between 50 and 65.