Sex Differences in Susceptibility to Depression (Other (Not Listed) Sample)

1- What evidence is there for the influence of hormones in depression?
Sex hormones alter several elements of brain activity, which may increase the risk for depression. This may explain why these conditions are linked to a sharp decline in estradiol and depressive mood and/or symptoms. Estrogen affects various neuronal and glial processes, including neurotransmitter activity, neurogenesis, neurotrophic factor expression, and glial function. And the serotonin system could help estrogen's synaptic and antidepressant effects work.
2- Give 2 examples of metabolic disorders. How are they related to depression?
The chance of an individual getting depression and metabolic issues such as obesity and diabetes is increased by exposure to both social and traumatic stress. In obese people, sadness and emotional distress are linked to elevated stress hormones glucocorticoids as well as inflammatory cytokines. Obesity and diabetes have been linked to disruptions in depression-related neural circuits and neurotransmitter systems in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). These circuits and procedures include those involving serotonin, dopamine, endocannabinoids, and opioids, all involved in motivation, reward,