Theories and Types of Learning (Research Paper Sample)
There are several theories of learning that have been proposed by psychologists and educational theorists. Here are some of the prominent theories:
Behaviorism: Behaviorism is a theory that focuses on observable behaviors and the relationship between stimuli and responses. According to behaviorism, learning occurs through the process of conditioning, which involves associations between stimuli and responses. Two major types of conditioning are classical conditioning (associated with Ivan Pavlov) and operant conditioning (associated with B.F. Skinner).
Cognitive Theory: Cognitive theories
Topic four: THEORIES OF LEARNING
* BEHAVIORAL APPROACH
The Behavioral Approach. Human behavior is learned, thus all behavior can be unlearned and new behaviors learned in its place.
Behaviorism is concerned primarily with the observable and measurable aspects of human behavior. Therefore, when behaviors become unacceptable, they can be unlearned.
Behaviorism is a worldview that assumes a learner is essentially passive, responding to environmental stimuli. The learner starts off as a clean slate (i.e. tabula rasa) and behavior is shaped through positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement
Both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement increase the probability that the antecedent behavior will happen again. In contrast, punishment (both positive and negative) decreases the likelihood that the antecedent behavior will happen again. Positive indicates the application of a stimulus; Negative indicates the withholding of a stimulus. Learning is therefore defined as a change in behavior in the learner.
* COGNITIVE APPROACH
Cognition refers to mental activity including thinking, remembering, learning and using language.
When we apply a cognitive approach to learning and teaching, we focus on the understanding
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