Effect Of Vitamin D Supplementation: Endurance Physical Activity On Metabolic Syndrome Patients (Research Paper Sample)

Effect of vitamin D supplementation with and without endurance physical activity on metabolic syndrome patients
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Table of Contents
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Abstract  PAGEREF _Toc504188170 \h
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Introduction  PAGEREF _Toc504188171 \h
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Methods  PAGEREF _Toc504188172 \h
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Research design  PAGEREF _Toc504188173 \h
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Study location  PAGEREF _Toc504188174 \h
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Sample size and Sample determination  PAGEREF _Toc504188175 \h
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Inclusion/exclusion criteria  PAGEREF _Toc504188176 \h
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Data collection  PAGEREF _Toc504188177 \h
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Anthropometric measurement testing  PAGEREF _Toc504188178 \h
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Biomarker assessment  PAGEREF _Toc504188179 \h
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Blood pressure assessment  PAGEREF _Toc504188180 \h
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Assessment of physical activity  PAGEREF _Toc504188181 \h
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Data analysis  PAGEREF _Toc504188182 \h
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Results  PAGEREF _Toc504188183 \h
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Discussion  PAGEREF _Toc504188184 \h
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Conclusions  PAGEREF _Toc504188185 \h
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Acknowledgements  PAGEREF _Toc504188186 \h
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References  PAGEREF _Toc504188187 \h
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Abstract
Syndrome X is a condition is currently incurable. It is a group of conditions such as diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. One of the most common ways of treating patients is supplementing them with vitamin D. However, it follows that in so doing the endurance physical activity of the patients’ needs to be considered. This formed the basis of this study whereby the investigation seeks to find the effect of vitamin D supplementation with and without endurance physical activity on metabolic syndrome patients. The study design for this research is a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Data collection was performed in community health and control of communicable disease center. At baseline, Standardized General Questionnaires were completed for each subject. From the results, it is clear that tests done on Vitamin D, showed increases in body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein. This implies that a unit increase in Vitamin D led to a commensurate increase in the stated measures.
Introduction
There are many conditions that pose serious threats to human survival. One of them is syndrome X. This condition is currently incurable. It is a group of conditions such as diabetes, stroke, and heart disease (Al-Othman, et al. 2012; Babaei et al. 2017; Rafiq et al. 2017). In other cases, it involves high blood sugar, excess body weight, high blood pressure and abnormal cholesterol levels. It requires a medical diagnosis to be identified and treatment commenced. In the lab, imaging is compulsory for this condition to be identified. It is chronic and it can last for many years and in some cases a lifetime (Bentes et al. 2017; Mann et al. 2015; Ortega et al. 2016). Based on the signs and symptoms exhibited, a healthy lifestyle is enough to prevent this condition.
One of the most common ways of treating patients is supplementing them with vitamin D. However, it follows that in so doing the endurance physical activity of the patients’ needs to be considered (Paulin et al. 2017; Atalay et al. 2015; Hoseini, Damirchi & Babaei, 2017).
. This forms the basis of this study whereby the investigation seeks to find the effect of vitamin D supplementation with and without endurance physical activity on metabolic syndrome patients (Strasser, 2017; Abizanda et al. 2015). It is expected that the findings obtained on this topic will benefit doctors, patients and policymakers to improve the current situation. The methodology follows and then the results will be provided thereafter. From there the paper will provide a discussion and finally a conclusion.
Methods
Research design
The study design for this research is a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) (Golder, Loke, & Bland, 2011). Based on the suggested formulas, the study participants were recruited on the foundation of developed inclusion/exclusion criteria (Stuart, 2010). The subjects underwent 12 weeks’ treatment from 01-Mar-2016 to 23-May-2016. Participants were randomly assigned to 1) Vitamin D group: who took only 2000 IU/day vitamin D supplements (Morning Time); 2) Vitamin D plus physical activity group either morning 7:30 PM and afternoon after 3:00 PM: those who participated in 30 minutes/day of endurance physical activity and also took 2000 IU/day vitamin D supplements, and 3) Placebo group: A- who participated in 30 min/d of endurance physical activity and also took a placebo. B- Did not participate in 30 min/d of endurance physical activity, but took a placebo. The placebo was obtained from Osweh manufacture Iran-Tehran and was prepared to feature the same shape, odor and size of the supplements (Huang et al. 2015; Farrokhyar et al. 2017; Veasey et al. 2015; Strange et al. 2015).
Study location
This study was performed in the Sulemani and Halabja center for the control of the communicable and chronic disease. Participants were recruited from the hospital of Halabja.
Sample size and Sample determination
The study used a sample size of 120 patients with metabolic syndrome who completed the study. The sample size obtained for this study was determined using n= 2[(z1-О±/2 + z1-ОІ) 2. s2] / d2 formula, (Fleiss, 2011; Bea et al. 2015; Vitezova et al. 2015; Prasad & Kochhar, 2016; Autier et al. 2014; Pannu et al. 2017). In this formula n is a number of participants in each group where six groups were obtained as shown in table 1.
Table  SEQ Table \* ARABIC 1: Number of groups and distribution of study participants
120 Metabolic Syndrome patientsVitamin D alone (30)Vitamin D + P.A (30)P.A
(30)Placebo
(30)Inclusion/exclusion criteria
Eligibility criteria for participants having MetS, according to IDF definition and the age between 30 and 50 years, both males and females, living in Halabja for at least three years. Individuals who took supplements containing vitamins D in the last three years was not included in this study. Individuals with type I and type II diabetes who are taking oral hypoglycemic agents or injecting insulin, or any medical therapy affecting the result, smoker, individuals with heart failure, and those who are suffering from renal problems, also individuals with malabsorption syndrome, pregnancy and lactating mothers were all excluded from the study (Geldenhuys et al. 2014; Francomano et al. 2014; Mackawy & Badawi, 2014; Godala et al. 2016). The exclusion list included patients with a history of bariatric surgery and who are currently using weight-loss medications.
Data collection
Data collection was performed in community health and control of communicable disease center. At baseline, Standardized General Questionnaires were completed for each subject (Aalto et al., 2012). Through interview participants provided demographic information with variables (De Vaus, 2013) of education, age, sex, economical status, dietary behavior, history of alcohol consumption and smoking, use of specific treatment of certain disease including blood pressure, plasma blood sugar, cholesterol treatment and supplement usage, as well as physical activity patterns via the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. In addition, a 3-day dietary recall in the first week of study was also used and the questionnaire was used for the dietary assessment.
Anthropometric measurement testing
Participants were asked to remain with a minimal light cloth weight possible including shoe removal. Weight measure was taken using a digital weighing scale. The measurements reported and rounded off to the nearest 100 grams. The study participant's weight was measured while they were standing. The body mass index was obtained using the procedure outlined in (de Blacam et al., 2012). During measurement taking it was critical to use the same technician to safeguard errors for error reduction.
Biomarker assessment
The participants were asked to produce a blood sample of 10cc, which was collected from the participant at base line 0 and 12 weeks of the study. The blood was collected after overnight fasting for approximately 12 hours. The blood samples were taken using the protocol outlined in (Bull, 2014: McCarty et al. 2014; Mridha et al. 2015; Barry et al. 2014; Wedlake et al. 2014; Gowda, et al. 2015). Variables of concern in this test were the FPG that were measured on the day of blood collection as outlined in (Barzin et al., 2011).
Blood pressure assessment
The blood pressure among study participants was measured as systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure, (Rothwell et al., 2010) during each interview (from baseline and end of study) at morning in the seating position after at least 15 minutes of rest, using the calibrated mercury sphygmomanometer.
Assessment of physical activity
Two times a week for climbing (around 2 hours each time) and two times a week for running (around one hour in the afternoon between 3 to 5 PM). Approximately six hours per week all together (Bauer et al., 2015).
Data analysis
Data for this study was pe...