A Study on Recital Necessities and Challenges of the 5th Generation Wireless Network (Research Paper Sample)

A Study on the Recital Necessities and Challenges of the 5th Generation Wireless Networks Student's Name Institutional Affiliation Course Name Professor's Name Date Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u 1Abstract PAGEREF _Toc64858841 \h 32Introduction PAGEREF _Toc64858842 \h 33Recital Necessities for 5G Wireless Networks PAGEREF _Toc64858843 \h 53.1Requirements to be met by the Necessities PAGEREF _Toc64858844 \h 53.1.1Sustainability Requirements PAGEREF _Toc64858845 \h 63.1.2Efficiency Requirements PAGEREF _Toc64858846 \h 63.1.3Hyper-connected view PAGEREF _Toc64858847 \h 73.1.4Next-generation radio-access technology PAGEREF _Toc64858848 \h 73.2The Recital Necessities (Capabilities of 5th Generation Technology) PAGEREF _Toc64858849 \h 73.2.1Increased Traffic Volume/More Capacity PAGEREF _Toc64858850 \h 83.2.2Peak Data Rates PAGEREF _Toc64858851 \h 83.2.3Lower Latency PAGEREF _Toc64858852 \h 93.2.4Connectivity for Massive Number of Devices (Connectivity Density) PAGEREF _Toc64858853 \h 93.2.5Reduction in Energy Usage and Cost PAGEREF _Toc64858854 \h 103.2.6The Quality of Experience PAGEREF _Toc64858855 \h 104Challenges of 5G Wireless Networks PAGEREF _Toc64858856 \h 104.1Technical Issues PAGEREF _Toc64858857 \h 104.1.1mmWave Communications PAGEREF _Toc64858858 \h 104.1.2D2D Communications PAGEREF _Toc64858859 \h 114.1.3Backhaul Challenges PAGEREF _Toc64858860 \h 114.1.4Security Problems PAGEREF _Toc64858861 \h 114.1.5Technology Maturity PAGEREF _Toc64858862 \h 124.2Non-Technical Issues PAGEREF _Toc64858863 \h 124.2.1Business Models PAGEREF _Toc64858864 \h 124.2.2Cost of Investment PAGEREF _Toc64858865 \h 124.2.3High Costs of Building and Buying the Network PAGEREF _Toc64858866 \h 134.2.4Illiteracy PAGEREF _Toc64858867 \h 134.3Regulation Challenges PAGEREF _Toc64858868 \h 134.3.1Spectrum Management PAGEREF _Toc64858869 \h 134.3.2Spectrum Fragmentation PAGEREF _Toc64858870 \h 145Conclusion and Recommendations PAGEREF _Toc64858871 \h 146References PAGEREF _Toc64858872 \h 16 A Study on the Recital Necessities and Challenges of the 5th Generation Wireless Networks Abstract In the ever-changing digital era, everybody enjoys speed, and more so speedy internet connections. Therefore, it comes as no surprise that currently every major telecommunications company is working around the clock to make their internet systems even faster. The electronic devices human beings have come to become so dependent on such as smartphones, homes, cars, laptops and watches need stable internet connections. All these innovations require always-on and high-speed internet. In a world where in every nanosecond the internet speed changes and there are more technological advances, the fifth generation (5G) wireless network could not have come at a much better time when there is an explosion of gadgets and vehicles that need such good connection 5G network is so called because it is the fifth generation of wireless networking technology. Taleb et al (2017) opine that the cellular network infrastructure is seen as one of the missing pieces needed to accelerate the optimization of the existent technology available today. 5G technology promises a future of improved data rates, quality service, decreased latency and improved capacity. It promises recital necessities which will be discussed in the paper under the sustainability and efficiency requirements. The paper will also discourse the challenges that the 5G mobile network architecture faces in its journey to bring the fastest internet connectivity ever seen. Keywords: 5G wireless network, Internet connectivity, Speedy internet, Requirements, Recital necessities, Challenges of 5th generation wireless network. Introduction Bill Gates once said, “Never before has innovation promised so much to a lot of people in such a short span of time”. According to Johansson et al. (2012), the OECD stated that technological innovations held to address the world’s developmental problems such as eradication of diseases, access to drinking water and reduction of hunger. Mobile communications have really transformed from what they used to do – the systems back then were only capable of transmitting voice conversations for many users to a system that supports multiple devices that transport data rather than just voice. Data communications have different needs that go beyond voice and the current 4G/Long-Term Evolution networks will have reached their limits in the near future. According to Wang (2014), a study opines that there will be more than 7 trillion IoT devices by 2017. And thus, sustainable and efficient network structures are necessary to meet the many needs of future users (Andrews et al., 2014). The world as at now and in the future depends on connectivity gauging from the artificial intelligence, self-driving vehicles and telemedicine and the undreamt innovations that human beings hope will make life easier, safer, and healthier. Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 1 5G Wireless Network The 21st century has witnessed many important innovations in the history of humankind such as 3D printing which is a game changer in the medical field and the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence, and online streaming, among others. As opposed to previous centuries characterized by government-controlled innovation environment, the 21st century has seen a great shift with the development of accelerated technologies and access to information for everyone (National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, 2019). Though these are great innovations, they have not yet reached the full potential and there is a deficiency of better internet connectivity by reliable technology architecture. The evolution of internet technology has come all the way from first generation (1G) to fourth generation (4G) technology. This is where the 5th Generation wireless network comes in - it is the fifth era portable system that is promises to be multipurpose for machines, gadgets, and items (Ayaz et al., 2020). The technology was birthed by NASA together with m2mi Corporation back in 2008. It is the faster and much improved wireless network that comes after 1G, 2G, 3G and 4G cellular networks. The fifth generation IoT is expected to the communication needs for multiple connected devices with the right balance of speed, cost and latency. In fact, according to Paudel (2018), the mobile network architecture has guaranteed that it will have better services than the current 4G, LTE networks as it will provide a data transfer capacity of over 10 Gbs (over 600 times faster than 4G) and a sub-1-millisecond dormancy. According to Chen et al (2020), the 5G requirements that will benefit organizations include greater bandwidth (limit), faster speeds and improved capacity. The paper discusses the recital necessities and challenges of the 5th Generation (5G) wireless network. Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 2 Mobile Communications Evolution Recital Necessities for 5G Wireless Networks Requirements to be met by the Necessities In the recent years, there have been opinions of what the final form of 5G technology should be. There is a high demand for data usage and speeds that at the same time should be cost effective. There are so many requirements and users will expect the 5G wireless technology to meet their needs. They include sustainability and efficiency requirements and other needs that this fifth generation technology is expected to fulfil. Figure SEQ Figure \* ARABIC 3 Overall Visions for 5G Network Sustainability Requirements Currently, the networks available are not sufficient enough to handle the explosive IoT and technological developments. There are many complexities and challenges involved if at all the world was to rely on the 4G, LTE networks operating today. The multiple radio access technologies (RAT) would cause a reduced user experience and more complications and the existing networks would not accurately monitor network resources, hence not fulfilling the many needs of future users and services (Liu & Jiang, 2016). There would be challenges in coexistence and interferences because of the fragmented spectrum and the energy levels, costs per bit and complexity of networks cannot handle the traffic growth and multiple connected devices of the future (Liu & Jiang, 2016). As such, the 5G architecture should have very good capabilities to achieve sustainability such as high network capacity, flexible architecture and have various spectrum resources. Efficiency Requirements The 1000-time growth of network demands of the future requires a level of efficiency from the coming 5G wireless network. The three most important factors that 5G must address are energy consumption, cost and the use of spectrum. Therefore, the 5G technology provides must up their game and make improvements in spectrum efficiency (3-5 times), cost efficiency (over 100 times) and energy efficiency (over 100 times) (Liu & Jiang, 2016). The operators must also consider other aspects of providing efficiency such as network slicing, edge computing, Network Functions Virtualization (NFV/Software Defined Networking (SDN) to ensure quality customer experience, high data speeds and low latency among other benefits. Hyper-connected view The ultimate form of 5G wireless technology is expected to provide wider coverage and be available all times. A new radio technology would be necessary to enable low usage of power. Next-generation radio-access technology This requirement is about the specifications for latency and data rates among other specifications. This would set the fifth generation wireless network be unique from the 4G network and other earlier services. The Recital Necessities (Capabilities of 5th Generation Technology) 5G must outperform previous networks. For this next-generation wireless technology to meet the requirements mentioned above, desired user needs and challenges of previous networks, it has to a...