ENERGY MODELLING FOR BUILDINGS (Research Paper Sample)

ENERGY MODELLING FOR BUILDINGS
By (Student Name)
Course
Professor
Institute Name
The City and State where it is located
Due Date
Energy Modelling for Buildings
Introduction
Green buildings have the potential to be one of the most important factors in preserving our increasingly deteriorating climate. There is no simple definition for a green building, but it is simply a framework that magnifies the positives and minimizes the negatives over the building's entire life cycle (Belcher et al., 2005). There are several concepts for a green building, but they all include the preparing, designing, constructing, and running of the structure while taking into account significant factors such as energy usage, water use, indoor air quality, materials used, and the impact on the site where the green building is being constructed. The study of aggregated energy demand for the housing stock in many countries is focused on bottom–up deterministic engineering methods applied to a variety of building design (Feist et al., 2010). Even though the number of architypes required for commercial buildings is usually higher than that required for residential buildings, the application of bottom–up engineering building stock models to commercial buildings is becoming more popular. One of the most important factors in the creation of green buildings is the use of sustainable material: a material or object that is not depleting our planet's natural resources and continues to have a minimal impact on climate change (McLeod et al., 2010). As we build more high-rises for commercial structures, we will need to rely on high-rise elevators; thus, the proper maintenance of these elevators is critical. In order to keep commercial structures green, elevator shafts will need to be properly maintained in order to ensure they continue long-term use. An important design method for constructing low-energy buildings is the Passive House Planning Package (PHPP). This report analyzes the tradeoffs between different design parameters in green building store windows and doors modelling for buildings by analyzing green building store window performance using PHPP.
Methods
Homes account for 22% of UK carbon emissions, with 45% of it being used for space heating (Nikolaidou et al., 2015). To meet the UK's 2050 net zero carbon goal, more highly insulated homes, both new and retrofit, are needed. To combat rising carbon emissions, similar programs are being implemented in the developing world. The new Passivhaus collection from Green Building Store includes many of the main components for Passivhaus homes, making it suitable for both new construction and eco-renovations (Thomsen & Wittchen, 2008). The different design parameters that were used for this analysis were the; HYPERLINK "https://www.greenbuildingstore.co.uk/products/ultra-tilt-turn-inward-timber-window/" Ultra Inward Opening Tilt and Turn Window, Ultra Inward Opening Tilt and Turn Window Insulated Frame, and the Progression Inward Opening Tilt and Turn Window Insulated Frame. For the doors the different Green Building entrance door frame types used were; Ultra Outward Opening Door, and the Ultra Outward Opening Door Insulated Frame. The ULTRA collection includes a Passivhaus-certified window with an insulated frame and low U levels as low as 0.68 W/m2K. The PROGRESSION range of Passivhaus-certified A-rated doors features a low-maintenance frame with slim sightlines and high Passivhaus efficiency, with a U value as low as 0.68 W/m2K.By following the Passive House Planning instructions, the data provided was analyzed to indicate which door and window frames were better for the Green Building Store.
Results
PHPP was used as the analysis tool for the report. To compare the different types of windows as design parameters, various tabs of the PHPP excel document were used as discussed below;
Verification Tab
The verification tab mainly outlines the details required in the type of building model (Verbeeck & Hens, 2010). This includes the name, altitude and location of the building being modelled. Heath House Mill, in Heath House Lane located in Golcar, Huddersfield in the United Kingdom was the passive house verification address that was used for this analysis.
Climate Tab
PHPP uses monthly mean climatic data to measure the annual heating demand. Mean air temperature, global horizontal irradiation, and slope beam irradiation are the most important inputs (Moreno et al., 2020). These values were used to derive more values including sky temperature and ground temperature. Unlike other dynamic simulation programs' weather file formats, PHPP demands that monthly irradiation data be broken down into its slope irradiance components at source. The country selected for the climate data was GB-United Kingdom/Britain, in the Zone 19- Western Isles and the GB0019a-Stornoway data set.
U Value Tab
The thickness and thermal conductivity from each of the materials that make up the building's walls, floors, and roofs are used to automatically measure U values. The following materials were used on the walls, ground, and floors of the Heath House Mill; parge plaster, adhesives, concrete blockwork, insulation and render. The U value collected from the floors, walls and roofs ranged from 0.084 W/m2K to 0.095 W/m2K.
Areas Tab
External heat lose area for the green building store design and the building’s internal area was outlined in this section. The results were recorded as follows;
Table SEQ Table \* ARABIC 1: Buildings Internal Area and External Heat Assessment
Building Assembly Description


Group No.

Assigned to Group



Height (m)

Width (m)

Window area subtraction

Area (m2)

U-Value[W/(m²K)]

North Wall


8

External wall - Ambient

 

1

10.00

3.50

6.0

29.0

0.096

East Wall


8

External wall - Ambient

 

1

8.00

3.50

12.0

16.0

0.096

South Wall


8

External wall - Ambient

 

1

10.00

3.50

0.0

35.0

0.096

West Wall


8

External wall - Ambient

 

1

8.00

3.50

0.0

28.0

0.096

Ground Floor


11

Floor slab / Basement ceiling

1

10.00

8.00

0.0

80.0

1.440

Flat Roof


10

Roof/Ceiling - Ambient

 

1

10.00

8.00

0.0

80.0

1.230

Windows Tab
Two different windows types that are Passivhaus recommended. The glazing type of the windows illustrated in the data set used is the Standard - Saint-Gobain Glass - SGG PLANITHERM XN II (4:/20/4/20/:4 Ar 90%). These two window types are the Ultra Inward Opening Tilt and Turn Window, and the Ultra Inward Opening Tilt and Turn Window Insulated Frame. The progression door frames have a lower energy balance when compared to the Ultra window frames as indicated on Table 2. Two categories from each window type were used which were the opening and fixed frame. The results are illustrated below;
Table SEQ Table \* ARABIC 2: Windows Energy Balance
Quantity

Descriptions

Results

 

 

 

Window surface temperature indicator



Window Area

Glazing area

Uwinstalled

Glazed fraction per window

 

Energy balance



m2

m2

W/(m2K)

%

 

kWh/a

1

Ultra Inward Opening Tilt and Turn Window

6.0

4.81

0.66

80%

 

-295

2

Ultra Inward Opening Tilt and Turn Window Insulated Frame

12.0

9.62

0.66