The Effects Of Maternal Bmi On The Detection Of Fetal Anomalies During An Ultrasound Examination (Research Paper Sample)

THE EFFECTS OF MATERNAL BMI ON THE DETECTION OF FETAL ANOMALIES DURING AN ULTRASOUND EXAMINATION
by [Name]
Course
Professor’s Name
Institution
Location of Institution
Date
Table of Contents TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u Introduction PAGEREF _Toc15313503 \h 3Method PAGEREF _Toc15313504 \h 6List of papers used PAGEREF _Toc15313505 \h 10Literature Analysis PAGEREF _Toc15313506 \h 12Study Method PAGEREF _Toc15313507 \h 12Recruitment PAGEREF _Toc15313508 \h 12Exposure Methods PAGEREF _Toc15313509 \h 13Outcomes Measured PAGEREF _Toc15313510 \h 14Follow-Up PAGEREF _Toc15313511 \h 15Results PAGEREF _Toc15313512 \h 16Sensitivity of Ultrasound Detection PAGEREF _Toc15313513 \h 16Quality of image produced PAGEREF _Toc15313514 \h 16Rate of anomaly detection PAGEREF _Toc15313515 \h 17Completion rate for routine practice PAGEREF _Toc15313516 \h 17Discussion PAGEREF _Toc15313517 \h 19Change Imaging Protocols PAGEREF _Toc15313518 \h 19Education of Patients PAGEREF _Toc15313519 \h 20Abdominal Adipose Tissue Effects on Screening PAGEREF _Toc15313520 \h 21Conclusion PAGEREF _Toc15313521 \h 22References PAGEREF _Toc15313522 \h 24Appendices PAGEREF _Toc15313523 \h 27Appendix I: Critical Appraisal Table PAGEREF _Toc15313524 \h 27Appendix II: WHO BMI Classification table PAGEREF _Toc15313525 \h 82Appendix III: Study Comparison table PAGEREF _Toc15313526 \h 83
The Effects of Maternal BMI on the Detection of Fetal Anomalies during an Ultrasound Examination
Introduction
The number of women at their reproductive age considered to having BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 in England is growing gradually doubling every year since 2007 (Best et al., 2012). The development has resulted in increased incidence of congenital irregularities that transpire more often in those with (BMI between 25 and 29.9kg/m2) and overweight pregnant women. Antenatal exposure of congenital abnormalities offer women the chance to get ready for birth of a baby with foetus anomalies.
Evidence advocates that the ability of antenatal ultrasound screening of anomalies in a foetus is often reduced by an increasing BMI. Rankin et al. (2010) discovered a declining tendency in ultrasound scanning rates for congenital anomaly as body mass index rose during the first prenatal visit. In the same line, Tennant et al. (2011) exposed that pregnant women having a BMI greater than 25 kg/m2 had a substantially lower rate of foetus anomaly exposure compared to their counterpart with a BMI= 18-24.99. Various research have also established that an increase in maternal BMI decreases the sub-optimal imaging of the foetus (Phatak and Ramsay, 2010; Maxwell et al., 2010).