Annotated Bibliography: Artificial Intelligence (Annotated Bibliography Sample)

Part 2: Annotated Bibliography
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Part 2: Annotated Bibliography
1) Dare, T. (2019). Ethics of artificial intelligence and health care. New Zealand Medical Student Journal
The article describes the ethics of artificial intelligence and how it is applied in healthcare. It compares the performance of some human cognitive functions as well as the performance of AI. In terms of datasets, it indicates that there are massive variables and vast data for human to identify and since it exists in electronic forms, it creates an opportunity for the computers to take over most of the activities entailing reasoning that were meant for human beings.
As stated in the article, Artificial intelligence has the ability to predict and diagnose diseases with an accuracy of 90% despite this; it poses ethical as well as legal challenges which include the increased inequality while threatening democracy. However, the use of algorithms provide information that is reliable and evident if fed with the right information and this leaves the patient to assume the aspects of explain ability as well as reliability of the results. This article also addresses consent and privacy while using the AI which indicates that the collection, combination, processing and the use makes it difficult for the users and the providers to interact.
2) Etzioni, A. (2018). Incorporating Ethics into Artificial Intelligence (with Oren Etzioni). Library of Public Policy and Public Administration, 235-252. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-69623-2_15
The article has carried out a review no the reasons why scholars believe that dricverless cars together with other AI machines should have the capability of making ethical decisions together with the difficulties faced by the approach. In addition, the article explores the fact that cars do not have moral agency and that being referred as autonomous is misleading. As the authors note, the autonomous description has always led to wrong conclusions about the way in which these machines can remain ethical.
Moreover, the article also claims that it is possible to address a large prt of the challenge posed by AI through making the right ethical choices by the human beings. Lastly, the article indicates that drawing on extreme outlier scenarios is erroneous when applied as a basis to interpret the ethical issues at the moment.
3) Slaaen, E., (2019). The ethical implications of artificial intelligence. Periodical.Talent Development
The article acknowledges the fact that AI has greatly helped in the process of personalizing while enhancing peoples’ lives in all aspects and this has sparked excitement in talent development. In addition, the article discusses the ethical considerations in that AI creates changes as well as eliminates many jobs. However, the article basis its argument on three primary principles which include accountability in terms of who owns it, the end results, inputs as well as its impacts on employees. The second principle is transparency which entails informing each and every person to be affected by the AI and lastly fairness to the employees and any person that gets into contact with the AI. The article also addresses the tips of applying the three principles to organizations which is always dependent on the culture and values of the organization.
4) Bogosian, K. (2017). Implementation of Moral Uncertainty in Intelligent Machines. Minds and Machines, 27(4), 591-608. doi:10.1007/s11023-017-9448-z.
This journal indicates that there is a need to apply ethical decision making systems while developing artificial intelligence especially when carrying out an automatic computation. The journal has also noted that most projects aimed at implementing moral reasoning have terribly failed to address the competing approaches to moral philosophy. The author argues that to address the issue, there is need to design machines that are uncertain about the fundamentals of morality.in addition, the journal has described a conceptual framework that helps in designing the machines which also portrays the efficiency it has in resolving obstacles entailing the