Protection and Waning of Natural and Hybrid Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 (Article Sample)

Article Review Student's Name Institution Affiliation Course Instructor's Name Date Article Review Introduction The article by Goldberg et al.,(2022) examines the effectiveness of the BNTI62b2 vaccine in protecting the spread of the Covid-19 pandemic. According to the authors, several studies have indicated that after six months of infection individuals still had natural immunity against SARS –CoV-2. The study did not have a hypothesis or research questions but the researchers estimated the incidences of the confirmed cases in SARS-Cov-2 infections using the following cohorts: previously infected individuals, unvaccinated people, infected persons who received BNTI62b2, and vaccinated individuals (Goldberg et al., 2022). For every cohort, the researchers quantified the relationship between the time passed since vaccination and rates of the confirmed cases. After comparing the infection rates among the four groups, the authors compared the levels of protection by hybrid immunity with immunity conferred through vaccination. Research Methods The study uses data from the Israeli Ministry of Health by concentrating on infections confirmed between August to September 2021. Notably, during this period, Israeli had already started a campaign to provide two doses of BNT162b2. By utilizing data from individual resident levels, the authors studied confirmed infections for persons 16 years and above(Goldberg et al.,2022) All the participants included in the study should have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 or received two doses of BNT162b2 7 days before the study ended. The analysis comprised more than 5.7 million individuals contributing to five different cohorts (Goldberg et al.,2022). The researchers excluded persons whose data did not have information about sex or age. The study compared incidences of the confirmed infections with the study period among cohorts of individuals with histories of immunity cases like vaccination or infection. There were two significant hybrid cohorts those with both natural immunity and individuals who had recovered from Covid-19. The number of the confirmed infections and individual days of risk was counted for every sub-cohort. Results/Analysis The study results showed that the number of Covid-19 infections increased with the time that had elapsed since vaccination with a previous infection or BNT162b2. Among unvaccinated individuals recovering from the infection, their rates increased from 10.5 to 30.2 for persons infected for one year (Goldberg et al.,2022). Additionally, the results showed that for individuals who received a single dose of vaccine after the previous infection, the adjusted rate was significantly low. The number of severe cases was small for cohorts among previously infected individuals with twenty-five for recovered, thirteen for unvaccinated, and one dose in the recovered cohort (Goldberg et al.,2022). Moreover, the study showed 1372 severe cases of Covid-19 infection rates and among the three-dose cohort, 178 cases were reported (Goldberg et al., 2022). Discussion The results of the study were in line with those conducted by the Israeli Health Maintenance Organization. The study revealed that previously infected individuals with or without a single vaccine had better protection compared to the uninfected individuals rec...