Higher Risk of Active Tuberculosis (Case Study Sample)

Higher Risk of Active Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is a fatal infectious disease that primarily affects the human lungs. The bacteria of tuberculosis are commonly communicated from one person to another through minute droplets discharged, which are discharged into the atmosphere through coughing and sneezing. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacteria that causes tuberculosis. It is disseminated when a person with active tuberculosis in their lungs coughs or sneezes and someone else inhales the TB bacteria-laden droplets.
The pathophysiology of tuberculosis infections caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis is a concert of pathogenic and physiological processes. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has evolved to survive by gaining access to the human immune system and remaining within the host for years. Tuberculosis is a non-motile intracellular pathogenic bacteria with a mycolic acid coating that divides every 18–24 hours. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacteria that causes tuberculosis.
This illness claims the lives of approximately 4,000 people every day, resulting in 1.2–1.5 million deaths yearly. It has infected more than 2 billion individuals globally, with up to thirteen million people across the United States having latent tuberculosis. According to Bjerrum et al. (2019), some 15 million people contract tuberculosis annually, with the highest rates in India, South Africa, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, China and Bangladesh. Immuno-compromised people, such as HIV, diabetes mellitus, organ transplants, and silicosis, are at a higher risk of active tuberculosis. These are some of them:
1 Coughing for three weeks or more.
2 Coughing up some blood elements or mucous is a common symptom.
3 Pain in the chest, or pain during breathing or coughing.
4 The weight reduction that occurs unintentionally.
5 Fatigue.
6 Fever.
7 Sweats at night.
8 Chills.
9 Appetite loss.
According to Sinshaw et al. (2019), progress in tuberculosis control in low- and middle-income countries would require investments in tuberculosis control programs, diagnostics, and treatment but require action on the social determinants of tuberculosis, according to a growing agreement. On the other hand, practical ideas for action are sparser than theoretical backing for this concept, created framework based on the findings of the recent World Health Organization Commission on Social Determinants of Health and existing knowledge of TB's social determinants. Outside-the-health-care-system interventions, particularly in social programs, protection and urban planning, can potentially improve tuberculosis control.