Diabetes Mellitus Health, Medicine, Nursing Case Study (Case Study Sample)

Diabetes Mellitus Case Study
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Diabetes Mellitus Case Study
Introduction
Mr. John Smith (J.S) is a 65 years old male who is currently admitted in the ward due to spiking sugars for the last 3 days. He was born on 5/1/1954 in New York and has a history of diabetes and hypertension in the last 3 years. He has been married for the last 35 years to Margorie Denver. He visits the outpatient diabetic clinic once a month for management and close follow-up of his diabetes and hypertension. He admits that he has been on medication for the past two years to control the high blood pressure and sugars though he has missed a few doses of the medication due to the adverse side effects. He has no known food and drug allergies and has been hospitalized thrice in the last one year due to hyperglycaemia and once due to hypertension. This paper is a case study of Mr. John to help understand the proper management of diabetes mellitus.
Etiology and Risk Factors
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic lifelong condition that results from inherited and/or acquired deficiency in the production and utilization of insulin leading to increased blood glucose levels (Hinkle& Cheever, 2014). It is classified into two types. Type 1 is also known as insulin dependent as results from a failure by the pancreas to produce insulin while type 2 (also known as non-insulin dependent) comes from the body’s insulin receptors to respond to the available insulin. Type 2 is more common form representing over 90% of all the diabetes cases. An immune reaction that destroys the insulin producing beta cells of the pancreas is the leading cause of type 1 diabetes. These immune reactions are mostly triggered by viruses as well as other environmental factors. Type 2, on the other hand, is caused by lifestyle and genetic factors that lead to insulin resistance as the receptors lose their sensitivity (Jovinelly, 2016). Some of the common causes of such is overweight, obesity, and lack of physical activity.