Exercise 27 in Statistics for Nursing Research Assignment (Essay Sample)

Exercise 27 in Statistics for Nursing Research
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Outline
Question 1 – Mean age
Question 2 – Percentage of patients who never used tobacco
Question 3 – Standard deviation for age
Question 4 – Outliers among the values of age
Question 5 – Range of age values
Question 6 – Infliximab
Question 7 – Rheumatoid arthritis
Question 8 – Irritable bowel syndrome
Question 9 – confidence interval for age
Question 10 – Psoriatic arthritis
Exercise 27 in Statistics for Nursing Research
Question 1: Mean Age
As demonstrated in the SPSS output table below, the mean age of the sample data is 56.5 years. This implies that the arithmetic mean (average) across all the age-related observations in the sample data provided in the book is 56.5 years. The mean age of 56.5 years shows that the age values of the 10 patients are not skewed towards one end given that the minimum age is 35 years and the maximum age is 86 years.
DescriptivesStatisticStd. ErrorAgeMean56.50006.0905295% Confidence Interval for MeanLower Bound42.7223Upper Bound70.27775% Trimmed Mean56.0556Median52.5000Variance370.944Std. Deviation19.25992Minimum35.00Maximum86.00Range51.00Interquartile Range39.00Skewness.538.687Kurtosis-1.3931.334
Question 2: Percentage of Patients who Never Used Tobacco
The SPSS output table next page shows that only 2 (20%) of the patients in the provided sample data never used tobacco. It is important to note that the value “N” represents those who never used tobacco in the sample data, while “F” denotes former use of tobacco and “C” stands for current use of tobacco by the patients.
Tobacco UseFrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValidC110.010.010.0F770.070.080.0N220.020.0100.0Total10100.0100.0
Question 3: Standard Deviation for Age
It is clear from the SPSS output table shown below that the standard deviation for age is 19.25992. Since the standard deviation denotes a summary measure of the differences of each observation from the mean value, the large standard deviation demonstrated in the table can only imply that the age values in the provided data set are farther away from the mean age of 56.5 years, on average (Rumsey, 2016).
DescriptivesStatisticStd. ErrorAgeMean56.50006.0905295% Confidence Interval for MeanLower Bound42.7223Upper Bound70.27775% Trimmed Mean56.0556Median52.5000Variance370.944Std. Deviation19.25992Minimum35.00Maximum86.00Range51.00Interquartile Range39.00Skewness.538.687Kurtosis-1.3931.334
Question 4: Outliers among the Values of Age
An outlier, according to Grove and Cipher (2017), “is a value in a sample data set that is unusually low or unusually high in the context of the rest of the sample data” (p. 303). As demonstrated in the SPSS output table below, the lowest age value in the dataset is 35 years and the highest is 86 years. However, all the other age values are evenly distributed between the lowest age value and the highest age value, meaning that there are no outliers or extreme values among the values of age. Additionally, there are no data points falling away as the extremes in the histogram next page (Knapp, 2017), meaning that the data set has no outliers among the values of age. Lastly, the SPSS Boxplot next page does not identify any outliers (often displayed as little circles with the ID number of the patient attached) (Rumsey, 2017).
Extreme ValuesCase NumberPatient IDValueAgeHighest15586.0027782.0034478.0049959.0053356.00Lowest18835.002101037.0032241.0041142.0056649.00


SPSS Boxplot


Question 5: Range of Age Values
Drawing form the SPSS output table shown below, it is clear that the range of age values is 51.00 years. Since the range denotes a measure of the spread of a particular variable (Grove & Cipher, 2017), the range value of 51 years is equal to the difference between the largest age value (86 years) and the smallest age value (35 years).
DescriptivesStatisticStd. ErrorAgeMean56.50006.0905295% Confidence Interval for MeanLower Bound42.7223Upper Bound70.27775% Trimmed Mean56.0556Median52.5000Variance370.944Std. Deviation19.25992Minimum35.00Maximum86.00Range51.00Interquartile Range39.00Skewness.538.687Kurtosis-1.3931.334
Question 6: Infliximab
As demonstrated in the SPSS output table below, 6 (60%) of the patients in the sample data set had been taking Infliximab.
Biologic MedicationFrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValidEtanercept440.040.040.0Infliximab660.060.0100.0Total10100.0100.0
Question 7: Rheumatoid Arthritis
The SPSS output table shown below is clear that half of the patients (50.0%) had a primary diagnosis for rheumatoid arthritis as the value “5” represents rheumatoid arthritis. It is important to note that the value of “5” was used to symbolize rheumatoid arthritis when entering data into the SPSS program.
Primary DiagnosisFrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValid3330.030.030.04110.010.040.05550.050.090.06110.010.0100.0Total10100.0100.0
Question 8: Irritable Bowel Syndrome
As demonstrated in the SPSS output table below, 3 (30%) of the patien...