Causes and Types of Dyslexia (Research Paper Sample)

DyslexiaAuthor's NameInstitutionApril 1, 2020
Abstract
Dyslexia has been among the major disorders causing stigmatization of children globally. This neurobiological disorder targets the reading and learning ability of an individual. It affects the decoding function of the brain, which is done by the cerebral cortex. Dyslexia is mainly hereditary but can also result due to risk factors such as poor fetal brain development and trauma to the brain. Children and adults suffering from this condition tend to have difficulties in identifying sounds, letters, and numbers in speech. Consequently, they are unable to relate these to the words and phrases they are placed in. The International Dyslexia Association believes this disability is exhibited in about 15% of all children born yearly. This disorder has no known particular method of diagnosis neither does it have a known cure. Subsequently, individuals with this disability have a hard time fitting in with the rest of the society. They must thus be assisted and guided on how to run routine reading, understanding and evaluation activities.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a cognitive disease characterized by inability to read coherently and learn generally. The disorder is neurobiological in nature. It causes difficulty in identifying and pronouncing various sounds. Consequently, the individual is unable to relate the sounds to letters, words and phrases. This disorder affects approximately 15-20% of all children born in a given year (Snowling, 2019, p. 2). Dyslexia majorly affects the cerebral cortex part of the brain- usually on the left side of the head. This disorder affects both children and adults as it has no known cure.
Causes
Dyslexia is caused by a variety of factors. The most common is the hereditary condition. Most individuals suffering from dyslexia inherit the disorder from their parents. The genes could be recessive in the parents but eventually become activated after gene crossing. Premature birth equally causes dyslexia. In this case, the fetus’ brain isn’t fully developed hence some gene sequences ding for reading and learning could be defective. More so, exposure of the fetus to drugs (such as alcohol and nicotine), bacterial and viral infections could also affect its brain development leading to disorders like dyslexia. Lastly, trauma to the brain, for instance in accidents, could affect the cerebral