Physical Restraints on Elderly Patients Medicine Research Paper (Research Paper Sample)

Physical Restraints on Elderly Patients who do not comply with Clinical Instructions: A Critical Literature Review
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Physical Restraints on Elderly Patients who do not comply with Clinical Instructions: A Critical Literature Review
Key Words: Physical Restraints, Types of Restraints, Elderly Patients, Heparin Block, Foley Catheter, Dementia, Clinical restraint ethics,
Database used: Pubmed; PMC; MedlinePlus; American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN); Wiley online Library; ScienceDirect
Search strategy
An advanced search was mainly carried out on PubMed and PMC. Additional databases considered in this literature search included MedlinePlus; American Association of Critical-Care Nurses (AACN); Wiley online Library and ScienceDirect. These were however not considered deeply like the case for PMC and PubMed. At the onset, the search phrases used included clinical restraints AND elderly patients so as to identify a wider spectrum of literature. Once this was done, the search was narrowed down to clinical restraints AND elderly patients NOT compliant with Clinical Instructions in order to limit the results to those studies evaluating elderly patients who do not comply with clinical instructions. To expound on the current topic, the search was again limited to clinical restraints AND elderly patients AND Heparin Block AND Foley Catheter NOT compliant with Clinical Instructions, in order to focus on this category of patients. This led to a total of 30 articles but total of 10 articles were disqualified considering their dates of publication; all articles were less than 5 years old, with an exclusion of two papers due to their high relevance to the current study.
Introduction
According to Gunawardena and Smithard (2019), restraint is described as the restriction or deprivation of freedom or liberty of movement or action and its implementation is done in diverse ways. In another study by Bleijlevens et al. (2016), the researchers offer a harmonious definition by terming physical restraint as any procedure or action that averts an individual’s free body motion to his/her preferred position or/and normal access to one’s body utilizing any approach, adjacent or attached to an individual’s body in a manner that one is unable to remove or control with ease. In the same way, a definition offered by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (as cited in Gunawardena and Smithard, 2019) describe physical restraint as any manual approach, mechanical or physical material, device or equipment adjacent or attached to the body of the patient in a manner that one is unable to move and limits ease of motion or normal access to an individual’s body.