Causes of Hospitalization of Children in Rural Kenya (Research Paper Sample)

A STUDY ON THE CAUSES OF HOSPITALIZATION OF CHILDREN UNDER 5 YEARS OF AGE IN MBALE RURAL TRAINING HEALTH CENTRE.



YEAR: 2015/2018
A RESEARCH DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE DEPARTMNET OF CLINICAL MEDICINE IN PART FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF A DIPLOMA IN CLINICAL MEDICINE AND SURGERY OF THE KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE.


DECLARATION
This proposal is my original work and has not been submitted for examination in any University or College.
Approval by:
Supervisor
Name: Dr Lucy Manyara, MB CHB Mmed (Oph)
Signature…………………………….
Date…………………………
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank the Almighty God for the care and protection throughout my life I wish to acknowledge my supervisor Dr Lucy Manyara for patiently guiding me through this study. I greatly acknowledge her professional advice and critical analysis.
I also want to sincerely thank:
My mother, Petrinah Wambui, for her efforts to educate me together with my siblings
The respondents for their support and the time they offered me during the study
My friends and family who have always supported me in my endeavours
All those who have assisted me in one way or another in making this study a success.

Table of Contents
HYPER13 HYPERLINK \l "_Toc250986541" HYPER14DECLARATIONHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986541 \h HYPER141HYPER15
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986542 \h HYPER142HYPER15
ABSTRACTHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986543 \h HYPER143HYPER15
Chapter OneHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986544 \h HYPER144HYPER15
1.0INTRODUCTIONHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986545 \h HYPER144HYPER15
1.1 Background to the studyHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986546 \h HYPER144HYPER15
1.2. Problem statementHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986547 \h HYPER145HYPER15
1.3 Justification and significance of the studyHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986548 \h HYPER145HYPER15
1.4 HypothesesHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986549 \h HYPER145HYPER15
1.5 Broad ObjectiveHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986550 \h HYPER145HYPER15
1.6 Specific ObjectiveHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986551 \h HYPER145HYPER15
1.7 Research QuestionsHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986552 \h HYPER146HYPER15
Chapter TwoHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986553 \h HYPER147HYPER15
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEWHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986554 \h HYPER147HYPER15
2.1 Global Causes of Hospitalization of Children Under 5 Years of AgeHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986555 \h HYPER147HYPER15
2.1.1 Infectious DiseasesHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986556 \h HYPER147HYPER15
2.1.2 Non-Infectious diseaseHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986557 \h HYPER1411HYPER15
2.1.3 InjuriesHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986558 \h HYPER1413HYPER15
2.2 Hospitalization of children under 5 years of age in Kenya.HYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986559 \h HYPER1414HYPER15
Chapter ThreeHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986560 \h HYPER1417HYPER15
3.0 METHODOLOGYHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986561 \h HYPER1417HYPER15
3.1Study AreaHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986562 \h HYPER1417HYPER15
3.1.1Target PopulationHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986563 \h HYPER1417HYPER15
3.1.2 Study PopulationHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986564 \h HYPER1417HYPER15
3.1.3Time FrameHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986565 \h HYPER1417HYPER15
3.2Research DesignHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986566 \h HYPER1417HYPER15
3.3 Sample SizeHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986567 \h HYPER1417HYPER15
3.4 Sampling MethodHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986568 \h HYPER1417HYPER15
3.5 Sampling ProceduresHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986569 \h HYPER1417HYPER15
3.6 Inclusion and Exclusion CriteriaHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986570 \h HYPER1417HYPER15
3.7 VariablesHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986571 \h HYPER1418HYPER15
3.7.1 Dependent VariablesHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986572 \h HYPER1418HYPER15
3.7.2 Independent VariablesHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986573 \h HYPER1418HYPER15
3.8 Ethical ConsiderationsHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986574 \h HYPER1418HYPER15
Chapter FourHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986575 \h HYPER1419HYPER15
4.0:DATA ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATIONHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986576 \h HYPER1419HYPER15
4.1: Social Demographic DataHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986577 \h HYPER1419HYPER15
4.1.1: Age of study populationHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986578 \h HYPER1419HYPER15
4.1.2: Gender of the study populationHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986579 \h HYPER1420HYPER15
4.1.3 Feeding practices of the study population (Diet)HYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986580 \h HYPER1421HYPER15
4.1.4 Number of meals served by the study populationHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986581 \h HYPER1423HYPER15
4.1.5 Relationship of the study population with the caregiver.HYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986582 \h HYPER1424HYPER15
4.1.6: Level of education of the caregiversHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986583 \h HYPER1426HYPER15
4.1.7 Sources of income for the caregiversHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986584 \h HYPER1427HYPER15
4.2: Data on causes of hospitalization of children under 5 years of ageHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986585 \h HYPER1428HYPER15
4.2.1: Incidence of hospitalization of children under 5 yearsHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986586 \h HYPER1428HYPER15
4.2.2: Causes of hospitalization of children under 5 yearsHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986587 \h HYPER1429HYPER15
4.2.3: Incidence of hospitalization in the past one yearHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986588 \h HYPER1431HYPER15
4.2.4: Day to day care of the childrenHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986589 \h HYPER1432HYPER15
4.2.5: Environmental risk factors associated with ill health of children under 5 yearsHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986590 \h HYPER1434HYPER15
4.2.6: Vaccination coverageHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986591 \h HYPER1435HYPER15
4.2.7: Caregiver knowledge on prevention of childhood illnessesHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986592 \h HYPER1436HYPER15
4.2.8: Decision on when to seek Medical attentionHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986593 \h HYPER1438HYPER15
4.2.9: Knowledge on nutritional requirements of children by caregiversHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986594 \h HYPER1439HYPER15
4.2.10: Meeting nutritional needs of childrenHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986595 \h HYPER1441HYPER15
4.2.11: Ways of improving the health of children under 5years of ageHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986596 \h HYPER1442HYPER15
APPENDICESHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986597 \h HYPER1444HYPER15
Appendix 1HYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986598 \h HYPER1444HYPER15
Respondent ConsentHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986599 \h HYPER1444HYPER15
Appendix 2HYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986600 \h HYPER1445HYPER15
RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIREHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986601 \h HYPER1445HYPER15
Appendix 3HYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986602 \h HYPER1449HYPER15
WORKPLANHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986603 \h HYPER1449HYPER15
APPENDIX 4HYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986604 \h HYPER1450HYPER15
BUDGETHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986605 \h HYPER1450HYPER15
APPENDIX 5HYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986606 \h HYPER1451HYPER15
REFERENCESHYPER13 PAGEREF _Toc250986607 \h HYPER1451HYPER15
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ABSTRACT
Hospital refers to a place where persons receive health care.Hospitalize is the process of admitting one in a hospital so as to receive health care services. Hospitalization refers to the admission of a person in a health centre so that they can receive direct observation care from a health care provider (http://wikitionary.org).
Hospitalization of the under 5 years is common due to vulnerability to infections since the immune system is not well developed. This leads to increased demand for hospital facilities and reduces the productivity of the mother or guardian because of the time they have to spend with the child while in hospital.
The purpose of this research study therefore, was to determine the causes of hospitalization of children under 5 years of age.
Objectives of the study were to determine social demographic characteristics of the study subjects that contribute or play a role in leading to their hospitalization, and determine the causes of hospitalization of children age 0-59 months.
Data was collected in Mbale Rural Health Training Centre where a total of 150 parents/guardians with children under 5 years of age were recruited over a duration of 7 weeks from 1st November-22nd December 2017. A descriptive cross-sectional study was employed where by a targeted questionnaire was used. Purposive non-probability method of sampling was used to selected respondents who were best suited for the study. Data collected was tabulated in tables and presented in simple bar graphs and comparison pie charts without any alterations of the primary data in the best way possible.
According to the results of the study, the leading causes of hospitalization were pneumonia (43%), followed by malaria (27%) then food poisoning (diarrhoea& vomiting) at 12%. Other causes included burns, neonatal sepsis, injuries etc. Children under 1 year of age were frequently hospitalized (51%) than those aged above one year (49%).Males were more hospitalized (60%) whereas only 40% of those hospitalized were children. All guardians/ parents had some knowledge on prevention of childhood illnesses including personal hygiene, better nutrition, use of ITNs, improved care and attention, and vaccination. The outcome of this study correlates closely to those of a study conducted in Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH) in 2010. Results of the study classified pneumonia as the leading cause of hospitalization among other acute respiratory infections. This was similar to other studies conducted by KDHS in 2014 and those by MOH in 2017 which reported pneumonia as the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under 5 years of age. These studies also showed that males were mo...