Challenges Facing Breastfeeding Mother and Mothers with No Experience of Breastfeeding (Research Proposal Sample)

Name
A Research Study Submitted to Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital College of Health Sciences as a Partial Requirement of The Fulfilment of Award Higher National Diploma in Child Health and Pediatrics.
March 2022
DECLARATION
Student
I declare that this is my own original work and has not been presented to any learning institution for academic purposes by persons known to me.
Signature Date

Name
Department of Child Health and Pediatrics
Supervisor
This research study has been submitted with my approval as the student’s supervisor
Professor
Signature Date
ABBREVIATIONS
EBFExclusive breastfeeding
KAPKnowledge, Attitude and Practice
IRECInstitutional Research Ethics Committee
MTRHMoi Teaching and Referral Hospital
SDG’S Sustainable Developmental Goals
SPSSStatistical Package for Social Sciences
UNICEFUnited Nation Children’s Fund
WHAWorld Health Assembly
WHOWorld Health Organization
OPERATIONAL OF DEFINITION OF TERMS
Antenatal care is the routine health control of presumed healthy pregnant women without symptoms (screening), in order to diagnose diseases or complicating obstetric conditions without symptoms, and to provide information about lifestyle, pregnancy and delivery.
Exclusive breastfeeding Practice where the infant only receives breast milk without any additional food or drink, not even water.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOC \o "1-3" \h \z \u DECLARATION PAGEREF _Toc105592924 \h i
DEDICATION PAGEREF _Toc105592925 \h ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT PAGEREF _Toc105592926 \h iii
ABBREVIATIONS PAGEREF _Toc105592927 \h iv
OPERATIONAL OF DEFINITION OF TERMS PAGEREF _Toc105592928 \h v
TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGEREF _Toc105592929 \h vi
TABLE OF FIGUES PAGEREF _Toc105592930 \h viii
ABSTRACT PAGEREF _Toc105592931 \h x
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION PAGEREF _Toc105592932 \h 1
1.1 Background PAGEREF _Toc105592933 \h 1
1.2 Problem statement PAGEREF _Toc105592934 \h 2
1.3 Justification PAGEREF _Toc105592935 \h 3
1.4 Objectives PAGEREF _Toc105592936 \h 4
1.4.1 Broad objectives PAGEREF _Toc105592937 \h 4
1.4.2 Specific objectives PAGEREF _Toc105592938 \h 4
1.5 Research questions PAGEREF _Toc105592939 \h 4
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW PAGEREF _Toc105592940 \h 5
2.1 Theoretical frame work PAGEREF _Toc105592941 \h 5
2.2 Knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding PAGEREF _Toc105592942 \h 6
2.3 Attitude on exclusive breastfeeding PAGEREF _Toc105592943 \h 7
2.4 Practices on exclusive breastfeeding PAGEREF _Toc105592944 \h 8
2.5 Conceptual frame work PAGEREF _Toc105592945 \h 10
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY PAGEREF _Toc105592946 \h 11
3.1 Research design PAGEREF _Toc105592947 \h 11
3.2 Study area PAGEREF _Toc105592948 \h 11
3.3 Study population PAGEREF _Toc105592949 \h 11
3.4 Sample size PAGEREF _Toc105592950 \h 11
3.5 Sampling technique PAGEREF _Toc105592951 \h 12
3.6 Eligibility criteria PAGEREF _Toc105592952 \h 12
3.6.1 Inclusion criteria PAGEREF _Toc105592953 \h 12
3.6.2 Exclusion criteria PAGEREF _Toc105592954 \h 12
3.7 Variables PAGEREF _Toc105592955 \h 13
3.7.1 Dependent Variable PAGEREF _Toc105592956 \h 13
3.7.2 Independent Variable PAGEREF _Toc105592957 \h 13
3.8 Pre-test study PAGEREF _Toc105592958 \h 13
3.9 Data collection PAGEREF _Toc105592959 \h 13
3.10 Data management and analysis PAGEREF _Toc105592960 \h 13
3.11 Data presentation PAGEREF _Toc105592961 \h 13
3.12 Ethical considerations PAGEREF _Toc105592962 \h 13
Work Plan PAGEREF _Toc105592963 \h 15
Research Budget PAGEREF _Toc105592964 \h 16
CHAPTER FOUR PAGEREF _Toc105592965 \h 17
RESULTS PAGEREF _Toc105592966 \h 17
4.1 Demographics PAGEREF _Toc105592967 \h 17
4.2 EBF knowledge PAGEREF _Toc105592968 \h 21
4.3 EBF Attitudes PAGEREF _Toc105592969 \h 23
CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION PAGEREF _Toc105592970 \h 32
5.1 Maternal knowledge on exclusive breastfeeding PAGEREF _Toc105592971 \h 32
5.3 The association between exclusive breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and practices PAGEREF _Toc105592972 \h 33
5.2 Maternal attitude on exclusive breastfeeding PAGEREF _Toc105592973 \h 34
5.3 The association between early breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes, and practices PAGEREF _Toc105592974 \h 35
CHAPTER SIX: SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS PAGEREF _Toc105592975 \h 36
6.1 Summary PAGEREF _Toc105592976 \h 36
6.2 Conclusions PAGEREF _Toc105592977 \h 36
6.3 Recommendations PAGEREF _Toc105592978 \h 37
6.3.1 Recommendation for practice PAGEREF _Toc105592979 \h 37
6.3.2 Recommendation for policy PAGEREF _Toc105592980 \h 37
6.3.3 Recommendation for further research PAGEREF _Toc105592981 \h 37
REFERENCES PAGEREF _Toc105592982 \h 38
APPENDICES PAGEREF _Toc105592983 \h 41
Appendix I: Consent Form PAGEREF _Toc105592984 \h 41
Appendix II: Questionnaire PAGEREF _Toc105592985 \h 43
TABLE OF FIGUES
TOC \h \z \c "Table 2.5" Table 2.5 1: Conceptual frame work PAGEREF _Toc105592986 \h 10
TOC \h \z \c "Table 4.1" Table 4.1 1: Table of age and parity PAGEREF _Toc105592989 \h 17
Table 4.1 2: A bar chart of age against parity PAGEREF _Toc105592990 \h 18
Table 4.1 3:A table of level of education PAGEREF _Toc105592991 \h 18
Table 4.1 4: A table of marital status PAGEREF _Toc105592992 \h 19
Table 4.1 5: A table of occupation PAGEREF _Toc105592993 \h 20
Table 4.1 6: A table of location PAGEREF _Toc105592994 \h 20
TOC \h \z \c "Table 4.2"
Table 4.2 1: A table of EBF PAGEREF _Toc105593004 \h 21
Table 4.2 2: A table of source of information. PAGEREF _Toc105593005 \h 21
Table 4.2 3: Tables of initiation of breastfeeding, recommended duration and child immunity. PAGEREF _Toc105593006 \h 22
TOC \h \z \c "Table 4.3"
Table 4.3 1:A table of chronic diseases PAGEREF _Toc105593018 \h 24
Table 4.3 2: A table of not practical PAGEREF _Toc105593019 \h 25
Table 4.3 3: A table of cold or flu PAGEREF _Toc105593020 \h 26
Table 4.3 4: Tables of working-class and child growth. PAGEREF _Toc105593021 \h 27
Table 4.3 5: Table of irritable PAGEREF _Toc105593022 \h 28
TOC \h \z \c "Table 4.4"
Table 4.4 1: Cross turbulation PAGEREF _Toc105593029 \h 29
Table 4.4 2: Chi-Square Test PAGEREF _Toc105593030 \h 30
Table 4.4 3: Bar chart of hearing of EBF and if EBF is not practical PAGEREF _Toc105593031 \h 30
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is defined as giving breast milk only to the infant, without any additional food or drink. EBF is an important public health strategy for improving children’s and mother’s health by reducing child morbidity and mortality and helping to control healthcare costs in society.
Globally about 40% of infants age 0-6 months are exclusively breastfeeding, In sub-Saharan Africa, the prevalence of EBF is 36% , which is very low compared with the global EBF target prevalence set at 50% by 2025.  In Kenya, EBF rates are at 61%, and although this is a significant increase from 2008, there is a still a need for further improvement (Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, 2010, 2015).The World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF)recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months of life without giving the infant any food or water. Few studies have however investigated maternal exclusive breastfeeding knowledge, attitudes and practices. Hence, there is limited literature in Kenya and Uasin Gishu County. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices on exclusive breastfeeding among pregnant women attending ANC at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), in Uasin-Gishu County. This study adapted the cross-sectional analytical study design with qualitative and quantitative techniques in data collection, analysis, and presentation
A sample size of 196 pregnant women who attended ANC at MTRH participated in the study. The researcher administered a questionnaire to the pregnant women who attended the clinic. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0 was used to analyse quantitative data. Maternal attitudes were measured using a five-point Likert scale. Mean scores were calculated for maternal knowledge and attitude. The majority of the mothers (66.3%) were knowledgeable on exclusive breastfeeding,61.7% source of information on EBF is from the health workers,87.8% that EBF should be practiced for the first 6 months of life. 100% knew that EBF improves the child immunity, while 39.3% agree that EBF is practical and 74.0% agree that EBF is not for working class people.44.9% agree that EBF protects the women from diabetes, obesity and osteoporosis, whether exclusive breastfeeding should be avoided in case the mother has a flu 79.4% disagree.95.9% disagree that children who are on exclusive breast feeding are irritable because of hunger.
Challenges to exclusive breastfeeding were breast problems, low milk producti...